Exposure Reconstruction and Risk Analysis for Six Semiconductor Workers With Lymphohematopoietic Cancers

Jones, Rachael M.; Dell, Linda; Torres, Craig; Simmons, Catherine E.; Poole, James; Boelter, F.; Harper, Paul A.

doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000000413

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Workers in the automobile industry [ 39 ], in the sand [ 47 ] and in rubber industries [ 31 , 32 ], as well as mining workers [ 53 , 55 ] and military veterans [ 15 ] were considered in this work. Moreover, results from chemical industry studies were reported [ 18 , 21 , 25 , 33 , 35 , 41 , 49 , 54 ]. As for the activities involved, a wide variety of chemical hazards were considered in the REA assessment and are summarized in Table 4 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, JEMs specific to one agent has been developed by Févotte [ 27 ] to estimate of the probability and level of exposure in a general population study. A job exposure matrix for specific agents (both for chemical and physical agents), such as asphalt fume, total particulate matter, respirable crystalline silica, benzene, formaldehyde, 1,3 butadiene, as well as ionizing radiations, was also developed [ 25 , 35 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrospective Exposure Assessment Methods Used in Occupational Human Health Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review

Borghi

Mazzucchelli

Campagnolo

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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As part of the assessment and management of chemical risk and occupational hygiene, retrospective exposure assessment (REA) to chemical agents can be defined as the estimate of exposure associated with a person’s work history. The fundamental problem underlying the reconstruction of the exposure is that of transforming this type of information in quantitative terms to obtain an accurate estimate. REA can follow various approaches, some of which are technically complicated and both time and resource consuming. The aim of this systematic review is to present the techniques mainly used for occupational REA. In order to carry out this evaluation, a systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted. Forty-four studies were identified (published from 2010 to date) and analyzed. In exposure reconstruction studies, quantitative approaches should be preferable, especially when estimates will be used in the context of health impact assessment or epidemiology, although it is important to stress how, ideally, the experimental data available for the considered scenario should be used whenever possible as the main starting information base for further processing. To date, there is no single approach capable of providing an accurate estimate of exposure for each reasonably foreseeable condition and situation and the best approach generally depends on the level of information available for the specific case. The use of a combination of different reconstruction techniques can, therefore, represent a powerful tool for weighting and integrating data obtained through qualitative and quantitative approaches, in order to obtain the best possible estimate.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective Exposure Assessment Methods Used in Occupational Human Health Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review

Borghi

Mazzucchelli

Campagnolo

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(), benzene was not identified as a process chemical. Their decision has been criticized (Paek & Gassert, ), as previous reports have detailed the presence of benzene in the fabrication process (Jones et al., ; Paek & Gassert, ; Torres et al., ). Similarly, the exposure scenario we have assessed did not monitor benzene in the photolithography process as it was not identified as a process chemical.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Risk Assessment of Photoresists Used in an Optoelectronic Semiconductor Factory

Huang

2019

Risk Analysis

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Photoresist materials are indispensable in photolithography, a process used in semiconductor fabrication. The work process and potential hazards in semiconductor production have raised concerns as to adverse health effects. We therefore performed a health risk assessment of occupational exposure to positive photoresists in a single optoelectronic semiconductor factory in Taiwan. Positive photoresists are widely used in the optoelectronic semiconductor industry for photolithography. Occupational exposure was estimated using the Stoffenmanager R model. Bayesian modeling incorporated available personal air sampling data. We examined the composition and by-products of the photoresists according to descriptions published in the literature and patents; the main compositions assessed were propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA), novolac resin, photoactive compound, phenol, cresol, benzene, toluene, and xylene. Reference concentrations for each compound were reassessed and updated if necessary. Calculated hazard quotients were greater than 1 for benzene, phenol, xylene, and PGMEA, indicating that they have the potential for exposures that exceed reference levels. The information from our health risk assessment suggests that benzene and phenol have a higher level of risk than is currently acknowledged. Undertaking our form of risk assessment in the workplace design phase could identify compounds of major concern, allow for the early implementation of control measures and monitoring strategies, and thereby reduce the level of exposure to health risks that workers face throughout their career.

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“…The objective of a risk assessment is to identify those risks that are significant such that alternative cost‐effective risk management options can be explored. However, exposure (a function of concentration, duration, time, and frequency) needs to be assessed through modeling, measurement, or both …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, exposure (a function of concentration, duration, time, and frequency) needs to be assessed through modeling, measurement, or both. (29) Effective occupational risk management practice is rooted in the hierarchy of controls in the preferred order of elimination, substitution, engineering control, warnings, administrative controls personal, and protective equipment. (30,31) After the implementation of effective controls, what remains is "residual" or insignificant risk and can be thought of as a "safe level."…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bayesian Model and Stochastic Exposure (Dose) Estimation for Relative Exposure Risk Comparison Involving Asbestos‐Containing Dropped Ceiling Panel Installation and Maintenance Tasks

Boelter¹,

Xia²,

Persky³

2016

Risk Analysis

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Assessing exposures to hazards in order to characterize risk is at the core of occupational hygiene. Our study examined dropped ceiling systems commonly used in schools and commercial buildings and lay-in ceiling panels that may have contained asbestos prior to the mid to late 1970s. However, most ceiling panels and tiles do not contain asbestos. Since asbestos risk relates to dose, we estimated the distribution of eight-hour TWA concentrations and one-year exposures (a one-year dose equivalent) to asbestos fibers (asbestos f/cc-years) for five groups of workers who may encounter dropped ceilings: specialists, generalists, maintenance workers, nonprofessional do-it-yourself (DIY) persons, and other tradespersons who are bystanders to ceiling work. Concentration data (asbestos f/cc) were obtained through two exposure assessment studies in the field and one chamber study. Bayesian and stochastic models were applied to estimate distributions of eight-hour TWAs and annual exposures (dose). The eight-hour TWAs for all work categories were below current and historic occupational exposure limits (OELs). Exposures to asbestos fibers from dropped ceiling work would be categorized as "highly controlled" for maintenance workers and "well controlled" for remaining work categories, according to the American Industrial Hygiene Association exposure control rating system. Annual exposures (dose) were found to be greatest for specialists, followed by maintenance workers, generalists, bystanders, and DIY. On a comparative basis, modeled dose and thus risk from dropped ceilings for all work categories were orders of magnitude lower than published exposures for other sources of banned friable asbestos-containing building material commonly encountered in construction trades.

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Exposure Reconstruction and Risk Analysis for Six Semiconductor Workers With Lymphohematopoietic Cancers

Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text.

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Retrospective Exposure Assessment Methods Used in Occupational Human Health Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review

Retrospective Exposure Assessment Methods Used in Occupational Human Health Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review

Health Risk Assessment of Photoresists Used in an Optoelectronic Semiconductor Factory

A Bayesian Model and Stochastic Exposure (Dose) Estimation for Relative Exposure Risk Comparison Involving Asbestos‐Containing Dropped Ceiling Panel Installation and Maintenance Tasks

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