“…1989; Piper et al, 1992;Rhabdour et al, 1994), intrauterine growth restriction (Scanferla et al, 1987;Kreft-Jais et al, 1988;Rhabdour et al, 1994), congenital malformations (Mehta and Modi, 1989;Cunniff et al, 1990;Thorpe-Beeston et al, 1993;Magee et al, 1994;Pryde et al, 1993;Lavoratti et al, 1997), fetal renal tubular pathology, and neonatal renal failure (Rosa et al, 1989;Scott and Purohit, 1989;Mehta and Modi, 1989;Cunniff et al, 1990;Pryde et al, 1993;Lavoratti et al, 1997;BroughtonPipkin et al, 1989;Hulton et al, 1990;Hoppe et al, 1993). Most of these outcomes have been attributed to impaired fetal renal function that normally begins in the early second trimester of gestation.…”