Exposure to closed-loop scrubber washwater alters biodiversity, reproduction, and grazing of marine zooplankton
Christina Jönander,
Jenny Egardt,
Ida-Maja Hassellöv
et al.
Abstract:Shipping is a large industry responsible for atmospheric emissions of hazardous substances including SOX, NOX, and particulate matter. Many ships have installed exhaust gas cleaning systems (scrubbers) to remove primarily SOX from the exhaust, but the hazardous substances are instead transferred to the water used in the scrubbing process. Ships with closed-loop scrubbers recirculate the water but can still discharge around 126-150 m3 directly to the surrounding marine environment every day. The discharged wate… Show more
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