“…In our study, participants aged 45 and older were more vulnerable to type 2 diabetes under long-term exposure to PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and NO 2 . Similar conclusions can be found in numerous previous studies, suggesting stronger positive associations between air pollution and T2DM among middle-aged and elderly population ( Chen et al, 2016 ; Eze et al, 2014 ; Honda et al, 2017 ; Liu et al, 2019 ; Suryadhi et al, 2020 ). This may be owing to age-related decline of physiological function, physical reserves, immune system, stress response and so on ( Collins, 1987 ; Sacks et al, 2011 ; Vasto et al, 2007 ).…”