Exposure to phthalates and environmental phenols in association with chronic kidney disease (CKD) among the general US population participating in multi-cycle NHANES (2005–2016)

Bisphenol a Exposure and Kidney Diseases: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and NHANES 03–16 Study

“…Interestingly, they also determined a positive and statistically significant relationship between urinary BPA and kidney damage markers, such as NGAL and KIM-1. The work of Kang et al [34] also determined a strong negative correlation between BPA and eGFR after using a procedure of covariate-adjusted creatinine standardization. Finally, the last publication should be mentioned that did not provide usable data in the urine meta-analysis but is relevant in the BPA-kidney paradigm, is Jain [45].…”

“…On the other hand, in the following two studies conducted by Malits et al [22] and Kang et al [32], Lee et al [33], and Kang et al [34] the association between BPA and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) were studied. From the work data, an OR could be obtained with CI in all cases, so the logarithms and the corresponding standard errors were calculated.…”

“…Secondly, the relationship between BPA and the eGFR has also been studied in the studies by You et al [35], Malits et al [36], Lee et al [33], Jacobson et al [37], and Kang et al [34]. Malits et al [36], Lee et al [33], Jacobson et al [37], and Kang et al [34] offer enough data, but in the work of You et al [35], OR must be calculated from the standard mean difference of its two study groups. They use the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD-4) and the "Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration" (CKD-EPI) equations to estimate GFR (Figure 3).…”

“…They determined a 0.28 mg/g ACR increase for each log unit increase in urinary BPA after performing multinomial regression models. Within the other group can be found the works of You et al [35], Malits et al [36], Kang et al [32], Lee et al [33], Jacobson et al [37], and Kang et al [34]. The first of them [35], studied kidney function by calculating the eGFR using the MDRD and CKD-EPI equations.…”

Strategies to Protect Dialysis Patients against Bisphenol A

“…In population-based studies, BPA levels have been shown to be inversely correlated to kidney function, with maximum levels observed in dialysis-dependent patients [13]. In this regard, a recent study including data of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2016 suggested that exposure to BPA may be responsible for impaired kidney function (low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and increased albuminuria) [14]. In addition to their impaired renal excretion, haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are exposed to medical devices with variable concentrations of BPA.…”