Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and bladder cancer: evaluation from a gene-environment perspective in a hospital-based case-control study in the Canary Islands (Spain)

Boada, Luís D.; Henríquez-Hernández, Luis Alberto; Navarro, Patricio; Zumbado, Manuel; Almeida-González, Maira; Camacho, María; Álvarez-León, Eva E.; Valencia-Santana, Jorge A.; Luzardo, Octavio P.

doi:10.1179/2049396714y.0000000085

Cited by 60 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Specific ratios of individual PAHs are characteristic for some combustion processes and many authors used diagnostic ratios of PAHs to identify potential pollution sources [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. In this study, the following ratios were selected: IP/(IP + BghiP), BaP/BghiP, Flu/(Flu + Pyr), and BaP/(BaP + Chry).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bladder cancer is also linked to exposure to PAHs. Boada et al [ 10 ] conducted a case study in the Canary Islands measuring PAH serum levels of 140 patients diagnosed for bladder cancer. Their results showed a difference in PAH contamination profile between patients and the control group, leading to the conclusion that specific PAH mixtures play a role in bladder cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pollution Sources and Carcinogenic Risk of PAHs in PM1 Particle Fraction in an Urban Area

Jakovljević

Štrukil

Godec

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Airborne particles are composed of inorganic species and organic compounds. PM1 particles, with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1 μm, are considered to be important in the context of adverse health effects. Many compounds bound to particulate matter, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), are suspected to be genotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic. In this study, PAHs in the PM1 particle fraction were measured for one year (1/1/2018–31/12/2018). The measuring station was located in the northern residential part of Zagreb, the Croatian capital, close to a street with modest traffic. Significant differences were found between PAH concentrations during cold (January–March, October–December) and warm (April–September) periods of the year. In general, the mass concentrations of PAHs characteristic for car exhausts (benzo(ghi)perylene (BghiP), indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IP), and benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF)) were higher during the whole year than concentrations of fluoranthene (Flu) and pyrene (Pyr), which originated mostly from domestic heating and biomass burning. Combustion of diesel and gasoline from vehicles was found to be one of the main PAH sources. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) was estimated for three age groups of populations and the results were much lower than the acceptable risk level (1 × 10−6). However, more than ten times higher PAH concentrations in the cold part of the year, as well as associated health risk, emphasize the need for monitoring of PAHs in PM1. These data represent a valuable tool in future plans and actions to control PAH sources and to improve the quality of life of urban populations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution Sources and Carcinogenic Risk of PAHs in PM1 Particle Fraction in an Urban Area

Jakovljević

Štrukil

Godec

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…It is well documented that occupational exposure to chemical carcinogens including aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is associated with the risk of bladder cancer development [2, 4]. Kellen et al reported an increased risk of developing bladder cancer associated with cumulative exposure to aromatic amines, but not to PAHs and diesel [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prognostic impact of GSTM1/GSTP1 genetic variants in bladder Cancer

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThe glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of phase II detoxifying enzymes that inactivates a wide variety of potential carcinogens through glutathione conjugation. Polymorphic changes in the GST genes have been reported to be associated with increased susceptibility to cancer development and anticancer drug resistance. In this study, we investigated the association between genetic variants in GSTM1 and GSTP1 and patients’ clinicopathological parameters. The prognostic values of such associations were evaluated among bladder cancer patients.MethodsGenotyping of GSTM1 and GSTP1 in bladder cancer patients was assessed using polymerase chain reaction followed by DNA sequencing. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and multiple logistic regression and correlation analysis were performed.ResultsThe GSTM1 null genotype was significantly associated with poor overall survival compared with the wild-type GSTM1 genotype. There was a trend towards better overall survival in patients with wild-type GSTP1 allele (AA) compared with GSTP1 (AG/GG) genotype. Interestingly, Kaplan-meier survival curve for GSTM1 null patients adjusted for sub-cohort with amplified HER2 gene showed poor survival compared with the GSTM1 null/ non-amplified HER2 gene. Also the same population when adjusted with HER2 protein expression, data showed poor survival for patients harboring GSTM1 null/high HER2 protein expression compared with low protein expression.ConclusionThis study focuses on the impact of GSTM1 null genotype on bladder cancer patients’ outcome. Further investigations are required to delineate the underlying mechanisms of combined GSTM−/− and HER2 status in bladder cancer.

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“…In fact, the efficiency of the PAHs in reaching to the tracheobronchial or alveolar region of the human respiratory tract and even to the bloodstream (Kajiwara et al, 2007;Monsalve et al, 2013;Velali et al, 2016) enhances as the substrate aerosol size decreases. The population-based cohort studies using a quantitative assessment of PAH exposure revealed intrauterine growth restriction inducing low birth weight (Choi et al, 2012;Polanska et al, 2014), fatal ischemic heart disease (Burstyn et al, 2005), enhanced risk of asthma in children (Al-Daghri et al, 2013;Karimi et al, 2015) and cancer in humans (Boada et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-specific PAHs and Associated Health Risks over a Tropical Urban Metropolis: Role of Long-range Transport and Meteorology

Ray

Ghosh

Chatterjee

et al. 2019

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered as an important class of organic pollutants in the urban atmosphere to pose serious health hazards. A comprehensive study was conducted during the dry seasons of 2017-2018 to understand the impacts of local sources, meteorology, boundary layer dynamics, and long-range transport, on the sizespecific particulate PAHs (Coarse: 10-2.1 µm; Superfine: 2.1-1.1 µm; Accumulation: 1.1-0.4 µm and Ultrafine: < 0.4 µm). Samples were collected over Kolkata (22.33°N and 88.20°E), a megacity of the lower Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). Wintertime distributions of all PAHs were exclusively unimodal with their maximum abundance in accumulation mode, whereas the 4,5 and 6-ring PAHs showed additional coarse mode peaks during post-monsoon and pre-monsoon. The Concentration Weighted Trajectory model has identified the middle IGP and the Eastern Ghats as the potent PAH source regions for the receptor site. Meteorology significantly influenced, in minimizing the contributions of transported PAHs from biomass burning regions of Eastern Ghats during pre-monsoon. On the contrary, meteorology favored the PAHs accumulation from local emissions and long-range transport during winter and post-monsoon. Source apportionment by positive matrix factorization model identified unburned petroleum, incineration, fossil fuel and coal burning as possible major sources of size-specific PAHs. Additionally, based on benzo(a)pyrene equivalent concentrations, the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values were estimated for four human age groups. In general, ILCR values were influenced by the accumulation mode, and they were highest for all size ranges during winter. The estimated upper limit of ILCR (9.26 × 10-6) exceeding the carcinogenic benchmark level (1 × 10-6), draws attention towards the adverse impacts of wintertime ultrafine PAHs on human health in Kolkata, where poor air quality is already a major concern.

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Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and bladder cancer: evaluation from a gene-environment perspective in a hospital-based case-control study in the Canary Islands (Spain)

Cited by 60 publications

References 46 publications

Pollution Sources and Carcinogenic Risk of PAHs in PM1 Particle Fraction in an Urban Area

Pollution Sources and Carcinogenic Risk of PAHs in PM1 Particle Fraction in an Urban Area

The prognostic impact of GSTM1/GSTP1 genetic variants in bladder Cancer

Size-specific PAHs and Associated Health Risks over a Tropical Urban Metropolis: Role of Long-range Transport and Meteorology

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