Exposure to Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Improves the Developmental Competence and Quality of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryos Produced Using Fibroblast Cells and Alters Their Epigenetic Status and Gene Expression

Strategies to Improve the Efficiency of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

“…A low concentration of NaCl did not improve the maturation rate of porcine oocytes but significantly increased the blastocyst rate of cloned porcine embryos when compared with that of oocytes cultured in normal NaCl concentration [225]. Recently, pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) treatment of cloned buffalo embryos at the beginning of IVC increased the blastocyst rate, decreased the level of apoptosis, and altered the expression levels of pluripotency-, apoptosis-, metabolism-, and stress-related genes [226].…”

Chromatin openness of donor cells is directly correlated with the in vitro developmental capabilities of cloned buffalo embryos

“…The source, type and mitotic cycle stage of nuclear donor cells (NDCs) seemed to be one of the most remarkable factors affecting SCNT‐based cloning (Saini et al, 2015; Samiec & Skrzyszowska, 2013; (Sadeesh et al, 2016); Wiater, Samiec, Wartalski, et al, 2021b). Moreover, somatic cell cloning was also largely dependent not only on the molecular quality related to apoptosis incidence in the ex vivo‐expanded NDCs (Priya et al, 2014; Samiec & Skrzyszowska, 2013; Sharma et al, 2021) but also on both their differentiation status and epigenomic reprogrammability in SCNT‐generated embryos (Agrawal et al, 2018; Gorczyca et al, 2021; Sharma et al, 2018; Wiater, Samiec, Skrzyszowska, & Lipiński, 2021a). Several studies have found significant differences in embryo development and establishment of pregnancies among individual Hesitant cow, bovine, and dromedary camel ( p < .05) (Fu et al, 2008; Gong et al, 2004; Liu et al, 2013; Wani & Hong, 2018).…”