Exposure to Secondhand Smoke in Children is Associated with a Thinner Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study

Li, Jian; Ye, Nan; Chu, Wai Kit; Cheung, Carol Y.; Tang, Shumin; Li, Fen Fen; Chen, Li Jia; Kam, Ka Wai; Young, Alvin L.; Ip, Patrick; Tham, Clement C.; Pang, Chi Pui; Yam, Jason C.

doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2020.10.016

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Smoking behaviors of parents and other family members living with the children were examined to determine children's SHS exposure collectively. 27,28 The nonexposure group comprised children whose family members did not smoke or only smoked away from their home, and the exposure group comprised children living with 1 or more smokers in their family. The extent of SHS exposure was quantified as the daily total of cigarettes smoked at home by all smokers in the family.…”

Section: Questionnairesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extent of SHS exposure was quantified as the daily total of cigarettes smoked at home by all smokers in the family. 27,28 Information about SHS exposure was obtained through the following questions: (1) Has the mother smoked at home after the child was born? How long has she been smoking, and how many cigarettes a day?…”

Section: Questionnairesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In children, SHS exposure leads to higher risks of asthma, ear infections, respiratory tract infections, sudden infant death syndrome, and even biological changes in DNA. [23][24][25][26] Notably, investigations by Yuan et al 27 and Li et al 28 revealed the structural effects on the choroid and retinal nerve fiber layer that can cause damage in children's eyes and vision due to SHS exposure. Previous epidemiological studies have reported varied associations between SHS exposure and myopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Myopia Among Children Aged 6 to 8 Years in Hong Kong

Zhang

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceSecondhand smoke (SHS) exposure potentially threatens ocular health; however, its association with myopia is unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the association between SHS exposure and childhood myopia.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional data from the population-based Hong Kong Children Eye Study were used. Data were collected from March 5, 2015, to September 12, 2021, at The Chinese University of Hong Kong Eye Center. Participants included children aged 6 to 8 years. Secondhand smoke exposure was evaluated using a validated questionnaire. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic and physical examinations.ExposureSecondhand smoke exposure.Main Outcomes and MeasuresGeneralized estimating equations were constructed to examine the association of SHS exposure with spherical equivalent and axial length; logistic regression models, with myopia rate; and linear regression models, with myopia onset.ResultsA total of 12 630 children (mean [SD] age, 7.37 [0.88] years; 53.2% boys) were included in the analysis. Among the participants, 4092 (32.4%) had SHS exposure. After adjusting for age, sex, parental myopia, body mass index, near-work time, outdoor time, and family income, SHS exposure was associated with greater myopic refraction (β = −0.09 [95% CI, −0.14 to −0.03]) and longer axial length (β = 0.05 [95% CI, 0.02-0.08]). Children with SHS exposure were more likely to develop moderate (odds ratio [OR], 1.30 [95% CI, 1.06-1.59]) and high myopia (OR, 2.64 [95% CI, 1.48-4.69]). The association of SHS exposure with spherical equivalence and axial length was magnified in younger children. For each younger year of a child’s exposure to SHS, SHS exposure was associated with a 0.07-D decrease in spherical equivalence (β = 0.07 [95% CI, 0.01-0.13]) and a 0.05-mm increase in axial length (β = −0.05 [95% CI, −0.08 to −0.01]). Exposure to SHS was associated with an earlier mean (SD) age at onset of myopia (72.8 [0.9] vs 74.6 [0.6] months; P = .01). Every increase in SHS exposure in units of 10 cigarettes per day was associated with greater myopic refraction (β = −0.07 [95% CI, −0.11 to −0.02]), axial length (β = 0.04 [95% CI, 0.01-0.06]), and likelihood of developing moderate (OR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.05-1.44]) and high myopia (OR, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.20-2.56]), and earlier myopia onset (β = −1.30 [95% CI, −2.32 to −0.27]).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that SHS exposure was associated with greater myopic refraction, longer axial length, greater likelihood of developing moderate and high myopia, and earlier myopia onset. The larger the quantity of SHS exposure and the younger the child, the more advanced myopia development and progression with which SHS exposure is associated.

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Section: Questionnairesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Questionnairesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Myopia Among Children Aged 6 to 8 Years in Hong Kong

Zhang

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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“…B. Nikotin, Antikoagulanzien, Phosphodiesterase-5-Inhibitoren, Impfungen) ist der Zusammenhang mit ebenfalls häufigen Netzhauterkrankungen (z. B. altersabhängige Makuladegeneration [AMD], zentrale seröse Chorioretinopathie [ZSCR]) nur in großen Studien nachweisbar 2 , 3 .…”

Section: Retinopathien Durch Exogen Zugeführte Substanzenunclassified

“…Die genauen Schädigungsmechanismen durch Nikotin sind ungeklärt. Bereits bei gesunden Rauchern und Kindern rauchender Eltern lassen sich retinale und choroidale Struktur- und Funktionsänderungen nachweisen 2 .…”

Section: Retinopathien Durch Exogen Zugeführte Substanzenunclassified

Exogen bedingte Retinopathien

Kellner¹,

Kellner²,

Weinitz³

et al. 2022

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd

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ZusammenfassungExogen bedingte Retinopathien werden am häufigsten durch externe Stimulanzien, seltener durch unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen systemisch oder intravitreal eingesetzter Medikamente und noch seltener durch Impfungen oder die Einwirkung von Lichtstrahlung verursacht. Die Kenntnis exogener Ursachen und ihre mögliche Symptomatik ist zur Prophylaxe oder zur Früherkennung schädigender Wirkungen und zur adäquaten Beratung der Patienten wichtig.

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