Expression analysis of immune response genes in fish epithelial cells following ranavirus infection

Class-A scavenger receptor function and expression in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) epithelial cell lines RTgutGC and RTgill-W1

“…Uncited reference [32]. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 …”

Characterization and expression analysis of Toll-like receptor 2 gene in large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea

“…Five  10 6 LCK cells were incubated with 30 mg/ml LPS (L2880, Sigma, USA) [24], 1 mg/ml Salmonella Typhimurium flagellin (12B06-MM, InvivoGen, USA) [25], 15 mg/ml PNG (77140, Sigma, USA) [26] and 10 mg/ml polyI:C (27472901, GE, USA) [24] respectively. The cells were incubated with same volume PBS as negative control.…”

Characterization of Chinese giant salamander iridovirus tissue tropism and inflammatory response after infection

“…TNF-α and IL-1β are common proinflammatory cytokines released from cells prior to the in flammation. Increased ex pression of TNF-α and IL-1β were reported in FV3-infected Xenopus and EPC cells and EHNV-infected EPC cells (Morales et al 2010, Holopainen et al 2012). In our study, GSIV infection triggered rapid and high expression of MIF, TNF-α and IL-1β in the spleen at 3 dpi, which may subsequently influence viral replication.…”

“…Recent ly, the Chinese giant salamander MIF gene sequence was identified, and its encoded protein was shown to have enzymatic redox and tautomerase activity, and was also capable of inhibiting the migration of macrophages (Wang et al 2013). Rana virus infection can up-regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in fish and frogs (Morales et al 2010, Holopainen et al 2012, but the inflammatory responses to rana virus infection have not been characterized in amphi bian hosts, such as the Chinese giant salamander.…”