“…Transcripts encoding all three α 1 -adrenoceptors have been found in organs of the male reproductive tract from rodents and humans, albeit in different proportions with relatively similar levels for α 1Aand α 1Dbut lower levels for α 1B -adrenoceptors (Avellar, Lazari, & Porto, 2009;Burt, Chapple, & Marshall, 1995;Mendes, Hamamura, Queiroz, Porto, & Avellar, 2004;Pacini, Castilho, Hebeler-Barbosa, Pupo, & Kiguti, 2018;Pupo, 1998;Queiroz, Mendes, Porto, & Avellar, 2002;Silva, Megale, Avellar, & Porto, 1999;Yono et al, 2012). However, in isolated tissue preparations, the contractions of these organs in response to α 1 -adrenoceptor agonists are often described as mediated by the α 1A -subtype (Avellar et al, 2009;Burt et al, 1995;Mendes et al, 2004;Pacini et al, 2018;Pupo, 1998;Silva et al, 1999;Yono et al, 2012). Importantly, the contractions of the mouse and rat vas deferens in response to electrical field stimulation have been described to involve α 1Dadrenoceptors, and at least in the mouse vas deferens, these receptors seem to play a role in contractions to exogenous noradrenaline (Bexis et al, 2008;Cleary, Slattery, Bexis, & Docherty, 2004;Mallard, Marshall, Sithers, & Spriggs, 1992).…”