Expression and function of serum amyloid A, a major acute-phase protein, in normal and disease states

Urieli-Shoval, Simcha; Linke, Reinhold P.; Matzner, Yaacov

doi:10.1097/00062752-200001000-00012

Cited by 407 publications

(343 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Elevated SAA serum levels have been observed in different tumors, including melanoma,17, 18, 19 which may be due to the inflammatory reactions and tumor necrosis associated with malignant disease. Moreover, SAA protein has also been seen to be expressed by some tumor cells, suggesting that it is directly involved in tumor progression 20. In contrast to our results, SAA has been proposed to be a serum prognostic factor for early‐stage melanoma patients,17 a discrepancy that could be due to a different model design (a different set of variables were considered to perform the analysis) together with a different classification of tumor stages.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Vitronectin and dermcidin serum levels predict the metastatic progression of AJCC I–II early‐stage melanoma

Ortega-Martinez

Gardeazábal

Erramuzpe

et al. 2016

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Like many cancers, an early diagnosis of melanoma is fundamental to ensure a good prognosis, although an important proportion of stage I–II patients may still develop metastasis during follow‐up. The aim of this work was to discover serum biomarkers in patients diagnosed with primary melanoma that identify those at a high risk of developing metastasis during the follow‐up period. Proteomic and mass spectrophotometry analysis was performed on serum obtained from patients who developed metastasis during the first years after surgery for primary tumors and compared with that from patients who remained disease‐free for more than 10 years after surgery. Five proteins were selected for validation as prognostic factors in 348 melanoma patients and 100 controls by ELISA: serum amyloid A and clusterin; immune system proteins; the cell adhesion molecules plakoglobin and vitronectin and the antimicrobial protein dermcidin. Compared to healthy controls, melanoma patients have high serum levels of these proteins at the moment of melanoma diagnosis, although the specific values were not related to the histopathological stage of the tumors. However, an analysis based on classification together with multivariate statistics showed that tumor stage, vitronectin and dermcidin levels were associated with the metastatic progression of patients with early‐stage melanoma. Although melanoma patients have increased serum dermcidin levels, the REPTree classifier showed that levels of dermcidin <2.98 μg/ml predict metastasis in AJCC stage II patients. These data suggest that vitronectin and dermcidin are potent biomarkers of prognosis, which may help to improve the personalized medical care of melanoma patients and their survival.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Vitronectin and dermcidin serum levels predict the metastatic progression of AJCC I–II early‐stage melanoma

Ortega-Martinez

Gardeazábal

Erramuzpe

et al. 2016

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…The role of SAA in the repair processes after tissue damage, detoxification of LPS [31] and down-regulation of the proinflammatory responses [30] is supported by our findings that the increase in milk and serum SAA occurred after clinical signs decreased. At the time of the most severe signs, the SAA concentration had reached only one-fourth of the highest value.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Serum amyloid A and TNF? in serum and milk during experimental endotoxin mastitis

2004

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-A cross-over study was conducted to investigate the effect of intramammarily infused lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the acute phase reaction in early (EL) and in late (LL) lactation. Nine cows received intramammary injections of 100 µg of Escherichia coli 0111:B4 LPS during EL and LL. The severity of each cows systemic and local signs and change in milk appearance were recorded and scored throughout the experiment. Systemic and local signs were found to be more serious in EL cows. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) was detected in milk but not in serum. Serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations increased both in serum and in milk. The milk TNFα concentrations peaked at 8 h post-challenge (PC). SAA concentrations started to increase at 8 h PC, and peak concentrations were seen at 32 and 48 h PC in milk and serum, respectively. The milk TNFα and SAA seemed to be correlated, being on average higher in EL. Serum SAA concentration was not correlated with milk TNFα or SAA, nor with the severity of local or systemic signs, but was correlated with changes in milk appearance. LPS / mastitis / dairy cow / SAA / TNFα

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“…They may be involved in cholesterol transport and in the early response to injury. The SAAs are precursors of amyloid A, a constituent of the amyloid fibrils that are involved in AA amyloidosis [29,30]. This form of amyloidosis is a complication that is associated with many inflammatory conditions (including rheumatoid arthritis and neoplasia).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum amyloid A: production by human white adipocyte and regulation by obesity and nutrition

et al. 2005

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Aims/hypothesis: The acute-phase proteins, serum amyloid As (SAA), are precursors of amyloid A, involved in the pathogenesis of AA amyloidosis. This work started with the characterisation of systemic AA amyloidosis concurrent with SAA overexpression in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) of an obese patient with a leptin receptor deficiency. In the present study a series of histopathological, cellular and gene expression studies was performed to assess the importance of SAA in common obesity and its possible production by mature adipocytes. Materials and methods: Gene expression profiling was performed in the sWAT of two extremely obese patients with a leptin receptor deficiency. Levels of the mRNAs of the different SAA isoforms were quantified in sWAT cellular fractions from lean subjects and from obese subjects before and after a very-low-calorie diet. These values were subsequently compared with serum levels of SAA in these individuals. In addition, histopathological analyses of sWAT were performed in lean and obese subjects. Results: In sWAT, the expression of SAA is more than 20-fold higher in mature adipocytes than in the cells of the stroma vascular fraction (p<0.01). Levels of SAA mRNA expression and circulating levels of the protein are sixfold (p<0.001) and 3.5-fold (p<0.01) higher in obese subjects than in lean subjects, respectively. In lean subjects, 5% of adipocytes are immunoreactive for SAA, whereas the corresponding value is greater than 20% in obese subjects. Caloric restriction results in decreases of 45-75% in levels of the transcripts for the SAA isoforms and in circulating levels of the protein. Conclusions/interpretation: The results of the present study indicate that SAA is expressed by sWAT, and its production at this site is regulated by nutritional status. If amyloidosis is seen in the context of obesity, it is possible that production of SAA by adipocytes could be a contributory factor.

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Expression and function of serum amyloid A, a major acute-phase protein, in normal and disease states

Cited by 407 publications

References 56 publications

Vitronectin and dermcidin serum levels predict the metastatic progression of AJCC I–II early‐stage melanoma

Vitronectin and dermcidin serum levels predict the metastatic progression of AJCC I–II early‐stage melanoma

Serum amyloid A and TNF? in serum and milk during experimental endotoxin mastitis

Serum amyloid A: production by human white adipocyte and regulation by obesity and nutrition

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