Expression and Suppressive Effects of Interleukin-19 on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Pathophysiology and Development of Intimal Hyperplasia

Anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-19 inhibits smooth muscle cell migration and activation of cytoskeletal regulators of VSMC motility

“…IL-19 is considered to be an anti-inflammatory interleukin because in T-lymphocytes it promotes the Th2 (regulatory) rather than the Th1 (T helper) response (9,24,26). Our laboratory found that IL-19 had anti-proliferative effects on cultured VSMC, and IL-19 adenoviral gene transfer significantly reduced neointimal hyperplasia and proliferation of intimal VSMC in balloon angioplasty-injured rat carotid arteries (36). Addition of IL-19 to cultured VSMC reduces their proliferation and decreases abundance of proliferative and inflammatory proteins (36,34).…”

“…We previously reported that a recently described IL-10 family member interleukin-19 (IL-19) is expressed in injured, but not uninjured arteries, and in stimulated, but not quiescent VSMC (36). This was novel and unexpected because IL-19 expression was previously thought to be restricted to immune cells (8).…”

Structure and function of interleukin-22 and other members of the interleukin-10 family

“…IL-19 is also expressed in human injured arteries and in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) by inflammatory cytokines, and IL-19 was reported to have antiproliferative activity in VSMC [66]. In addition, through induction of SOCS5 and inhibition of signal transduction, IL-19 expression in VSMCs was suggested to mediate protective, autocrine response of VSMCs to inflammatory stimuli and vascular injury [66].…”

“…In addition, through induction of SOCS5 and inhibition of signal transduction, IL-19 expression in VSMCs was suggested to mediate protective, autocrine response of VSMCs to inflammatory stimuli and vascular injury [66].…”

Targeting endothelial adhesion molecule mRNA to control inflammation: novel insights into potential anti-inflammatory effects of IL-19. Focus on “Interleukin-19 decreases leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions by reduction in endothelial cell adhesion molecule mRNA stability”

“…A separate series of investigations have demonstrated that IL-19 is expressed in smooth muscle and endothelial cells from diseased but not healthy arteries (5,10), but the precise role that IL-19 plays in these cells is unknown, with the potential that this cytokine suppresses vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cell activation noted. This brings about the intriguing possibility that IL-19 can suppress inflammation outside of the immune system, and by directly exerting effects on the vasculature by controlling endothelial and/or smooth muscle cell phenotype and responses to inflammation.…”