Expression of a β-globin gene is enhanced by remote SV40 DNA sequences

Banerji, Julian; Rusconi, Sandro; Schaffner, Walter

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(81)90413-x

Cited by 1,659 publications

(1,096 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

1,068

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…COS-7 and F9 cells were transfected by calcium phosphate coprecipitation (Banerji et al, 1981;Chen and Okayama, 1987), with the amounts of recombinant DNA indicated in the ®gure legends, adjusted to 14 mg per 9-cm Petri dish with double-stranded carrier DNA (pBluescript). The medium was changed after 15 h. After an additional 24 h, cells were harvested and cellular extracts were prepared.…”

Section: Cells Transfection Infection and Extract Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A murine ATFa-associated factor with transcriptional repressing activity

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ATFa proteins, which are members of the CREB/ ATF family of transcription factors, have previously been shown to interact with the adenovirus E1a oncoprotein and to mediate its transcriptional activity; they heterodimerize with Jun, Fos or related transcription factors, possibly altering their DNA-binding speci®city; they also stably bind JNK2, a stress-induced protein kinase. Here we report the identi®cation and characterization of a novel protein isolated in a yeast two-hybrid screen using the N-terminal half of ATFa as a bait. This 1306-residue protein (mAM, for mouse ATFa-associated Modulator) is rather acidic (pHi 4.5) and contains high proportions of Ser/Thr (21%) and Pro (11%) residues. It colocalizes and interacts with ATFa in mammalian cells, contains a bipartite nuclear localization signal and possesses an ATPase activity. Transfection experiments show that mAM is able to downregulate transcriptional activity, in an ATPase-independent manner. Our results indicate that mAM interacts with several components of the basal transcription machinery (TFIIE and TFIIH), including RNAPII itself. Together, these ®ndings suggest that mAM may be involved in the ®ne-tuning of ATFaregulated gene expression, by interfering with the assembly or stability of speci®c preinitiation transcription complexes.

show abstract

Section: Cells Transfection Infection and Extract Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A murine ATFa-associated factor with transcriptional repressing activity

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(B) $1 nuclease mapping scheme. Cytoplasmic RNA (20 /~g) from transfected HeLa cells was hybridized to an excess of end-labeled f3-globin transcription is severely reduced if the/~-globin gene is separated from an enhancer by plasmid DNA (Banerji et al, 1981;Wasylyk et al, 1983) or by an active promoter (de Villiers et al,, 1983;Wasylyk et al, 1983;Kadesch and Berg, 1983). In construct ppX-1429 the direction of RNA synthesis from the IE promoter of HCMV and the orientation of #-globin transcription are identical (Figure 4A).…”

Section: The Enhancer Effect Is Obscured By Hcmv Promoter Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isolation of HCMV IE RNA and Northern blot hybridizations have been described previously (Jahn et al, 1984a). Analysis of SV40 T antigen production by immunofluorescence was performed as described earlier (Banerji et al, 1981.…”

Section: Analysis Of Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enhancers are cis-acting elements of DNA that stimulate transcription of adjacent genes by RNA polymerase II, in either orientation, and over distances up to several kilobase pairs, even from a position downstream of the transcribed region (Banerji et al, 1981;de Villiers and Schaffner, 1981;Moreau et al, 1981). Viral enhancers were originally identified in SV40 and polyoma virus as "far-upstream" promoter elements required for efficient early transcription (Benoist and Chambon, 1981;Gruss et al, 1981;Fromm and Berg, 1982;Tyndall et al, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A very strong enhancer is located upstream of an immediate early gene of human cytomegalovirus

Boshart

Weber

Jahn

et al. 1985

Cell

1,097

648

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryA strong transcription enhancer was identified in the genomic DNA (235 kb) of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a ubiquitous and severe pathogen of the herpesvirus group. Cotransfection of enhancerless SV40 DNA with randomly fragmented HCMV DNA yielded two SV40-HCMV recombinant viruses that had incorporated overlapping segments of HCMV DNA to substitute for the missing SV40 enhancer. Within HCMV, these enhancer sequences are located upstream of the transcription initiation site of the major immediate-early gene, between nucleotides -118 and -524. Deletion studies with the HCMV enhancer, which harbors a variety of repeated sequence motifs, show that different subsets of this enhancer can substitute for the SV40 enhancer. The HCMV enhancer, which seems to have little cell type or species preference, is severalfold more active than the SV40 enhancer. It is the strongest enhancer we have analyzed so far, a property that makes it a useful component of eukaryotic expression vectors.

show abstract

“…Certainly, the modular nature of most regulatory elements (i.e., their ability to function in isolation) paved the way for their discovery and study. Up to date, four types of elements have been described: transcriptional enhancers (Banerji et al, 1981), transcriptional silencers (Laimins et al, 1986), enhancer-blocking insulators (Udvardy et al, 1985), and promotertethering elements (Calhoun et al, 2002). Transcriptional enhancers are, by far, the most studied among the four element types (Levine, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple layers of complexity in cis‐regulatory regions of developmental genes

Frankel

2012

Developmental Dynamics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Genomes contain the necessary information to ensure that genes are expressed in the right place, at the right time, and with the proper rate. Metazoan developmental genes often possess long stretches of DNA flanking their coding sequences and/or large introns which contain elements that influence gene expression. Most of these regulatory elements are relatively small and can be studied in isolation. For example, transcriptional enhancers, the elements that generate the expression pattern of a gene, have been traditionally studied with reporter constructs in transgenic animals. These studies have provided and will provide invaluable insights into enhancer evolution and function. However, this experimental approach has its limits; often, enhancer elements do not faithfully recapitulate native expression patterns. This fact suggests that additional information in cis-regulatory regions modulates the activity of enhancers and other regulatory elements. Indeed, recent studies have revealed novel functional aspects at the level of whole cis-regulatory regions. First, the discovery of ''shadow enhancers.'' Second, the ubiquitous interactions between cis-regulatory elements. Third, the notion that some cis-regulatory regions may not function in a modular manner. Last, the effect of chromatin conformation on cis-regulatory activity. In this article, I describe these recent findings and discuss open questions in the field.

show abstract

Expression of a β-globin gene is enhanced by remote SV40 DNA sequences

Cited by 1,659 publications

References 38 publications

A murine ATFa-associated factor with transcriptional repressing activity

A murine ATFa-associated factor with transcriptional repressing activity

A very strong enhancer is located upstream of an immediate early gene of human cytomegalovirus

Multiple layers of complexity in cis‐regulatory regions of developmental genes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About