Expression of effector gene SIX1 of Fusarium oxysporum requires living plant cells

Does, H. Charlotte van der; Duyvesteijn, R.G.E.; Goltstein, Pieter M.; Schie, Chris C. N. van; Manders, Erik M. M.; Cornelissen, Ben J. C.; Rep, Martijn

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2008.06.002

Cited by 100 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…of F. oxysporum [5, 6, 13, 19, 32, 33, 65, 75]. For example, expression of Fol Avr3 (also referred to as SIX1) and Fol SIX6 whose gene products are respectively recognised by the tomato F. oxysporum Resistance gene I3 or suppress I2 -mediated cell death, are strongly induced in the presence of living plant cells [17, 32, 41]. It should be noted that not all fungal effectors are exclusively expressed in planta (reviewed in [33, 65]) and we therefore did not ignore any potential effector candidates that were expressed in our in vitro dataset.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis of the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis during colonisation of resistant and susceptible Medicago truncatula hosts identifies differential pathogenicity profiles and novel candidate effectors

et al. 2016

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BackgroundPathogenic members of the Fusarium oxysporum species complex are responsible for vascular wilt disease on many important crops including legumes, where they can be one of the most destructive disease causing necrotrophic fungi. We previously developed a model legume-infecting pathosystem based on the reference legume Medicago truncatula and a pathogenic F. oxysporum forma specialis (f. sp.) medicaginis (Fom). To dissect the molecular pathogenicity arsenal used by this root-infecting pathogen, we sequenced its transcriptome during infection of a susceptible and resistant host accession.ResultsHigh coverage RNA-Seq of Fom infected root samples harvested from susceptible (DZA315) or resistant (A17) M. truncatula seedlings at early or later stages of infection (2 or 7 days post infection (dpi)) and from vegetative (in vitro) samples facilitated the identification of unique and overlapping sets of in planta differentially expressed genes. This included enrichment, particularly in DZA315 in planta up-regulated datasets, for proteins associated with sugar, protein and plant cell wall metabolism, membrane transport, nutrient uptake and oxidative processes. Genes encoding effector-like proteins were identified, including homologues of the F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Secreted In Xylem (SIX) proteins, and several novel candidate effectors based on predicted secretion, small protein size and high in-planta induced expression. The majority of the effector candidates contain no known protein domains but do share high similarity to predicted proteins predominantly from other F. oxysporum ff. spp. as well as other Fusaria (F. solani, F. fujikori, F. verticilloides, F. graminearum and F. pseudograminearum), and from another wilt pathogen of the same class, a Verticillium species. Overall, this suggests these novel effector candidates may play important roles in Fusaria and wilt pathogen virulence.ConclusionCombining high coverage in planta RNA-Seq with knowledge of fungal pathogenicity protein features facilitated the identification of differentially expressed pathogenicity associated genes and novel effector candidates expressed during infection of a resistant or susceptible M. truncatula host. The knowledge from this first in depth in planta transcriptome sequencing of any F. oxysporum ff. spp. pathogenic on legumes will facilitate the dissection of Fusarium wilt pathogenicity mechanisms on many important legume crops.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3192-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis of the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis during colonisation of resistant and susceptible Medicago truncatula hosts identifies differential pathogenicity profiles and novel candidate effectors

et al. 2016

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“…For example, the SIX1 effector gene from the vascular wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum (f. sp. lycopersici) was strongly expressed only in the presence of living plant cells (van der Does et al, 2008). The gene expression data for Mg1LysM and Mg3LysM suggest that they may also respond to the presence of living wheat cells and are subsequently rapidly down-regulated during the onset of host cell death.…”

Section: Clues To Mglysm Protein Functions Deriving From Gene Expressmentioning

confidence: 95%

Analysis of Two in Planta Expressed LysM Effector Homologs from the FungusMycosphaerella graminicolaReveals Novel Functional Properties and Varying Contributions to Virulence on Wheat

et al. 2011

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Secreted effector proteins enable plant pathogenic fungi to manipulate host defenses for successful infection. Mycosphaerella graminicola causes Septoria tritici blotch disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves. Leaf infection involves a long (approximately 7 d) period of symptomless intercellular colonization prior to the appearance of necrotic disease lesions. Therefore, M. graminicola is considered as a hemibiotrophic (or necrotrophic) pathogen. Here, we describe the molecular and functional characterization of M. graminicola homologs of Ecp6 (for extracellular protein 6), the Lysin (LysM) domain-containing effector from the biotrophic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaf mold fungus Cladosporium fulvum, which interferes with chitin-triggered immunity in plants. Three LysM effector homologs are present in the M. graminicola genome, referred to as Mg3LysM, Mg1LysM, and MgxLysM. Mg3LysM and Mg1LysM genes were strongly transcriptionally up-regulated specifically during symptomless leaf infection. Both proteins bind chitin; however, only Mg3LysM blocked the elicitation of chitin-induced plant defenses. In contrast to C. fulvum Ecp6, both Mg1LysM and Mg3LysM also protected fungal hyphae against plant-derived hydrolytic enzymes, and both genes show significantly more nucleotide polymorphism giving rise to nonsynonymous amino acid changes. While Mg1LysM deletion mutant strains of M. graminicola were fully pathogenic toward wheat leaves, Mg3LysM mutant strains were severely impaired in leaf colonization, did not trigger lesion formation, and were unable to undergo asexual sporulation. This virulence defect correlated with more rapid and pronounced expression of wheat defense genes during the symptomless phase of leaf colonization. These data highlight different functions for MgLysM effector homologs during plant infection, including novel activities that distinguish these proteins from C. fulvum Ecp6.

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“…The resulting amplicon was cloned in the PacI/EcoRV site in PRW2h. The terminator region of Six1 (34) was PCR amplified with the primer combination FP2877 (5=-AAAAGGTAACCATTATAACCTGCAGGGGGCCCGTTGCGAT CCA-3=) and FP3704 (5=-TTTTGATATCGGCGCGCCATACCTACGGC ATCGAGTTTC-3=), using F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici 4287 genomic DNA (gDNA) as the template, and cloned in the BstEII/EcoRV site of the vector resulting from the previous step, thus introducing five additional restriction sites.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the Establishment of Multinucleate Compartments in Fusarium oxysporum

et al. 2015

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bNuclear dynamics can vary widely between fungal species and between stages of development of fungal colonies. Here we compared nuclear dynamics and mitotic patterns between germlings and mature hyphae in Fusarium oxysporum. Using fluorescently labeled nuclei and live-cell imaging, we show that F. oxysporum is subject to a developmental transition from a uninucleate to a multinucleate state after completion of colony initiation. We observed a special type of hypha that exhibits a higher growth rate, possibly acting as a nutrient scout. The higher growth rate is associated with a higher nuclear count and mitotic waves involving 2 to 6 nuclei in the apical compartment. Further, we found that dormant nuclei of intercalary compartments can reenter the mitotic cycle, resulting in multinucleate compartments with up to 18 nuclei in a single compartment.

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Expression of effector gene SIX1 of Fusarium oxysporum requires living plant cells

Cited by 100 publications

References 49 publications

Transcriptome analysis of the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis during colonisation of resistant and susceptible Medicago truncatula hosts identifies differential pathogenicity profiles and novel candidate effectors

Transcriptome analysis of the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis during colonisation of resistant and susceptible Medicago truncatula hosts identifies differential pathogenicity profiles and novel candidate effectors

Analysis of Two in Planta Expressed LysM Effector Homologs from the FungusMycosphaerella graminicolaReveals Novel Functional Properties and Varying Contributions to Virulence on Wheat

Dynamics of the Establishment of Multinucleate Compartments in Fusarium oxysporum

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