Expression of Genes Encoding the Enzymes for Glycogen and Trehalose Metabolism in L3 and L4 Larvae of<i>Anisakis simplex</i>

Łopieńska–Biernat, Elżbieta; Zaobidna, Ewa; Dmitryjuk, Małgorzata

doi:10.1155/2015/438145

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Carbohydrate components have been also studied in relation to different temperatures as triggers for stress, and A. simplex s.s. is able to synthetize trehalose both at low (0 °C) and high temperatures (45 °C), thus suggesting a fundamental role in providing energy during the thermotolerance and starvation processes. Sugars such as trehalose and glycogen are instrumental for survival under environmental stress conditions, and several studies recently investigated such aspects in zoonotic anisakids, also in relation to different developmental stages [ 31 , 47 ].…”

Section: Transcriptomic Analyses: Studies On Specific Developmentamentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Omic Studies Drive Discoveries in the Biology of Anisakid Nematodes

D’Amelio¹,

Lombardo²,

Pizzarelli³

et al. 2020

Genes

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Advancements in technologies employed in high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods are supporting the spread of studies that, combined with advances in computational biology and bioinformatics, have greatly accelerated discoveries within basic and biomedical research for many parasitic diseases. Here, we review the most updated “omic” studies performed on anisakid nematodes, a family of marine parasites that are causative agents of the fish-borne zoonosis known as anisakiasis or anisakidosis. Few deposited data on Anisakis genomes are so far available, and this still hinders the deep and highly accurate characterization of biological aspects of interest, even as several transcriptomic and proteomic studies are becoming available. These have been aimed at discovering and characterizing molecules specific to peculiar developmental parasitic stages or tissues, as well as transcripts with pathogenic potential as toxins and allergens, with a broad relevance for a better understanding of host–pathogen relationships and for the development of reliable diagnostic tools.

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Section: Transcriptomic Analyses: Studies On Specific Developmentamentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Omic Studies Drive Discoveries in the Biology of Anisakid Nematodes

D’Amelio¹,

Lombardo²,

Pizzarelli³

et al. 2020

Genes

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“…Members of the phylum Apicomplexa , a group of protists evolutionarily close to dinoflagellates and ciliates, synthesize trehalose through the biosynthetic pathway similar to that in plants and fungi (Yu et al, 2010 ; Argüelles, 2014 ). In nematodes, e.g., in Anisakis simplex , glycogen and trehalose metabolism plays a key role in supporting life processes (Łopienska-Biernat et al, 2015 ). Because TPP has a high affinity for trehalose-6-phosphate and the later hydrolyzes quickly to trehalose, TPS activity is an important limiting factor in trehalose synthesis (Behm, 1997 ).…”

Section: Physiological Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because TPP has a high affinity for trehalose-6-phosphate and the later hydrolyzes quickly to trehalose, TPS activity is an important limiting factor in trehalose synthesis (Behm, 1997 ). Two TPS genes with very high resemblance to the tps2 gene of C. elegans were also identified in A. avenae , but the expression of a gene similar to C. elegans tps1 has not yet been confirmed (Łopienska-Biernat et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Physiological Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invertebrate Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase Gene: Genetic Architecture, Biochemistry, Physiological Function, and Potential Applications

Tang

Wang²,

Wang

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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The non-reducing disaccharide trehalose is widely distributed among various organisms. It plays a crucial role as an instant source of energy, being the major blood sugar in insects. In addition, it helps countering abiotic stresses. Trehalose synthesis in insects and other invertebrates is thought to occur via the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) pathways. In many insects, the TPP gene has not been identified, whereas multiple TPS genes that encode proteins harboring TPS/OtsA and TPP/OtsB conserved domains have been found and cloned in the same species. The function of the TPS gene in insects and other invertebrates has not been reviewed in depth, and the available information is quite fragmented. The present review discusses the current understanding of the trehalose synthesis pathway, TPS genetic architecture, biochemistry, physiological function, and potential sensitivity to insecticides. We note the variability in the number of TPS genes in different invertebrate species, consider whether trehalose synthesis may rely only on the TPS gene, and discuss the results of in vitro TPS overexpression experiment. Tissue expression profile and developmental characteristics of the TPS gene indicate that it is important in energy production, growth and development, metamorphosis, stress recovery, chitin synthesis, insect flight, and other biological processes. We highlight the molecular and biochemical properties of insect TPS that make it a suitable target of potential pest control inhibitors. The application of trehalose synthesis inhibitors is a promising direction in insect pest control because vertebrates do not synthesize trehalose; therefore, TPS inhibitors would be relatively safe for humans and higher animals, making them ideal insecticidal agents without off-target effects.

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“…Cellular trehalose was shown to increase upon cold acclimation and to be correlated with freezing survival ( Wharton et al, 2000 ). The enzymes trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (GOB in PaDAW1) are directly involved in trehalose synthesis in nematodes and are essential genes ( Avonce et al, 2006 ; Behm, 1997 ; Farelli et al, 2014 ; Pellerone et al, 2003 ), and the enzyme trehalase is involved in trehalose breakdown ( Thorne et al, 2014 , 2017 ; Łopieńska-Biernat et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating trehalose synthesis genes after cold acclimation in the Antarctic nematodePanagrolaimussp. DAW1

et al. 2017

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Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1 is a freeze-tolerant Antarctic nematode which survives extensive intracellular ice formation. The molecular mechanisms of this extreme adaptation are still poorly understood. We recently showed that desiccation-enhanced RNA interference (RNAi) soaking can be used in conjunction with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to screen for phenotypes associated with reduced expression of candidate genes in Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1. Here, we present the use of this approach to investigate the role of trehalose synthesis genes in this remarkable organism. Previous studies have shown that acclimating Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1 at 5°C before freezing or desiccation substantially enhances survival. In this study, the expression of tps-2 and other genes associated with trehalose metabolism, as well as lea-1, hsp-70 and gpx-1, in cold-acclimated and non-acclimated nematodes was analyzed using qPCR. Pd-tps-2 and Pd-lea-1 were significantly upregulated after cold acclimation, indicating an inducible expression in the cold adaptation of Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1. The role of trehalose synthesis genes in Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1 was further investigated by RNAi. Compared to the controls, Pd-tps-2a(RNAi)-treated and cold-acclimated nematodes showed a significant decrease in mRNA, but no change in trehalose content or freezing survival. The involvement of two other trehalose synthesis genes (tps-2b and gob-1) was also investigated. These findings provide the first functional genomic investigation of trehalose synthesis genes in the non-model organism Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1. The presence of several trehalose synthesis genes with different RNAi sensitivities suggests the existence of multiple backup systems in Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1, underlining the importance of this sugar in preparation for freezing.

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Expression of Genes Encoding the Enzymes for Glycogen and Trehalose Metabolism in L3 and L4 Larvae ofAnisakis simplex

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Advances in Omic Studies Drive Discoveries in the Biology of Anisakid Nematodes

Advances in Omic Studies Drive Discoveries in the Biology of Anisakid Nematodes

Invertebrate Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase Gene: Genetic Architecture, Biochemistry, Physiological Function, and Potential Applications

Investigating trehalose synthesis genes after cold acclimation in the Antarctic nematodePanagrolaimussp. DAW1

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