Expression of Toll-like receptors and effects of lipopolysaccharide on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokine in the testis and epididymis of roosters

Activation of innate immune system in response to lipopolysaccharide in chicken Sertoli cells

“…The upregulation of immune-related genes presented in this study is in agreement with these previous published data and suggests that NFkB activation through LPS stimulation induces innate immune responses in the rooster SCs. It has been reported that mice SCs were able to potentially respond to a wide variety of bacteria through Tlr stimulation (Riccioli et al 2006), while LPS stimulation resulted in the upregulation of TLR4, IL1b, and IL6 in rooster testis (Zhang et al 2012). Furthermore, we have previously reported that S. enteritidis infection resulted in the induction of TLRs (TLR2-1, TLR4, TLR5, TLR15, and TLR21) in the rooster testes (Anastasiadou et al 2011).…”

“…Data on expression analysis presented in this study revealed that all ten members of the cTLR family, nine members of the AvBD family, as well as eight cytokines were expressed in the rooster SCs. Previous studies have reported, in the rooster reproductive tract, the expression of most members of the TLR and AvBD families in the testis, epididymis, and sperm, while S. enteritidis infection or LPS stimulation resulted in significant induction of several of these genes in the testis, epididymis, and sperm of sexually mature roosters (Shimizu et al 2008, Anastasiadou et al 2011, 2014, Das et al 2011, Watanabe et al 2011, Zhang et al 2012. Furthermore, administration of LPS upregulated the expression of IL1b, IL6, and CXCLi2 in the rooster testis and epididymis by 3-6 h after injection (Zhang et al 2012).…”

Effects of Lipopolysaccharide on the Recruitment of T Cells in the Seminal Tract of Roosters

“…IL-1β may induce T cell proliferation (Staeheli et al, 2001), whereas CXCLi2 may be involved in the recruitment of heterophils (Poh et al, 2008;Redmond et al, 2011), monocytes (Barker et al, 1993), and T cells (Min et al, 2002) to the site of infection in birds. We have shown that LPS induced IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCLi2 expression in chicken testis and epididymis (Zhang et al, 2012). The recruitment CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the epididymis and ductus deferens of LPS-injected birds may be mediated by the proinflammatory cytokines and/or chemokines.…”

“…5 mg/Kg BW) or with phosphate buffered saline (PBS; 0.5 ml/Kg BW). We have shown that proinflammatory cytokine expression was upregulated by 0.5 mg/Kg LPS in chicken testis and epididymis (Zhang et al, 2012). Stock solution of LPS was prepared by dissolving the LPS (E. coli 0111: B4, extracted by phenol; Wako Pure Chem., Osaka, Japan) in PBS at a concentration of 1 mg/ml.…”

Effects of bilateral vasectomy on the interleukin 1 system in mouse epididymis

“…In the epididymis, pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1α (IL1α), IL1β, IL6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL10 are expressed together with the cognate receptor IL1 receptor 1 (IL1R1) . IL1α, IL1β, IL6, and TNF‐α are induced by lipopolysaccharide and microbial infection in the epididymis . Moreover, transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) may act as a paracrine immune modulator in the epididymis .…”