Expression profiles of inflammatory and immune-related genes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) at early time post vaccination

Haugland, Øyvind; Torgersen, Jacob; Syed, Mohasina; Evensen, Øystein

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.07.034

Cited by 60 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Microbial constituents in vaccines may also play a role in I-IFN induction via TLR stimulation (32). In fact, up-regulation of I-IFNinducible Mx genes in vaccinated salmon has been previously reported (34). Thus, the role of I-IFN in the vaccination-induced autoimmunity in salmon will need to be investigated in future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Vaccination-Induced Systemic Autoimmunity in Farmed Atlantic Salmon

Koppang

Bjerkås

Haugarvoll

et al. 2008

The Journal of Immunology

102

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Over half of the salmon consumed globally are farm-raised. The introduction of oil-adjuvanted vaccines into salmon aquaculture made large-scale production feasible by preventing infections. The vaccines that are given i.p. contain oil adjuvant such as mineral oil. However, in rodents, a single i.p. injection of adjuvant hydrocarbon oil induces lupus-like systemic autoimmune syndrome, characterized by autoantibodies, immune complex glomerulonephritis, and arthritis. In the present study, whether the farmed salmon that received oil-adjuvanted vaccine have autoimmune syndrome similar to adjuvant oil-injected rodents was examined. Sera and tissues were collected from vaccinated or unvaccinated Atlantic salmon (experimental, seven farms) and wild salmon. Autoantibodies (immunofluorescence, ELISA, and immunoprecipitation) and IgM levels (ELISA) in sera were measured. Kidneys and livers were examined for pathology. Autoantibodies were common in vaccinated fish vs unvaccinated controls and they reacted with salmon cells/Ags in addition to their reactivity with mammalian Ags. Diffuse nuclear/cytoplasmic staining was common in immunofluorescence but some had more specific patterns. Serum total IgM levels were also increased in vaccinated fish; however, the fold increase of autoantibodies was much more than that of total IgM. Sera from vaccinated fish immunoprecipitated ferritin and ∼50% also reacted with other unique proteins. Thrombosis and granulomatous inflammation in liver, and immune-complex glomerulonephritis were common in vaccinated fish. Autoimmunity similar to the mouse model of adjuvant oil-induced lupus is common in vaccinated farmed Atlantic salmon. This may have a significant impact on production loss, disease of previously unknown etiology, and future strategies of vaccines and salmon farming.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Vaccination-Induced Systemic Autoimmunity in Farmed Atlantic Salmon

Koppang

Bjerkås

Haugarvoll

et al. 2008

The Journal of Immunology

102

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show abstract

“…In vivo studies have reported the up-regulation of IL-1b-1 in Atlantic salmon head kidneys at first sampling conducted 2 days after i.p. and intramuscular injections with a commercial, vegetable oil-adjuvanted bacterin [10]. Similarly, IL-1b-1 increased within 1 day of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infection in rainbow trout and 1 day of Trypanoplasma borreli infection in the common carp [11e14].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β-1, TNFα-1 and IL-8 in vaccinated pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (Oncorhynchus keta) salmon juveniles

Fast

Johnson

Jones

2007

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…All fishes except the wild individuals were vaccinated with i.p. injections of oil-adjuvanted vaccines, which are known to induce chronic and generalized inflammatory responses, aberrant cytokine expression, and systemic autoimmunity (43,44). In mice, mineral oil or its component pristane is known to induce plasmacytoma in an interleukin-6-dependent manner in susceptible strains of mice (45,46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%