Expression response of chalcone synthase gene to inducing conditions and its effect on flavonoids accumulation in two medicinal species of Anoectochilus

Abstract

Anoectochilus roxburghii and Anoectochilus formasanus are the major species of genus Anoectochilus used in traditional Chinese medicine for their abundant content of flavonoids and some other medicinal constituents. In recent years, their wild resources are gradually exhausted due to over-collection and ecological deterioration. Artificial cultivation and tissue culture are employed to increase production. In this study, the open reading frame, promoter and genomic sequences of the chalcone synthase (CHS) gene were cloned from these two species according to their transcriptome information, and used for expression analysis in response to the induction of phenylalanine, ultraviolet light and NaCl, and its effect investigation on accumulation of flavonoids. The results showed that the expression of the CHS genes was upregulated in response to these inductions and resulted in increasing accumulation of total flavonoids. However, the increased flavonoids induced by phenylalanine and ultraviolet light were mainly allocated into the anthocyanidin branch of flavonoids biosynthesis. Not only did it improved the medicinal value, but might have inhibitory effect on plant growth because of the increased malondialdehyde accumulation. Under the induction of appropriate concentration of NaCl, the medicinal constituents of flavonoids were increased without inhibition to plant growth.

LED Lights Promote Growth and Flavonoid Accumulation of Anoectochilus roxburghii and Are Linked to the Enhanced Expression of Several Related Genes

“…The experiment is considered to be different when processing ANOVA statistics of 03 replications with p -value < 0.05. Specific primers for analysis were described by Yang et al [ 67 ]; Zhang et al [ 68 ], and Zhang et al [ 69 , 70 ]. The specific gene primers involved in flavonoids biosynthesis-related genes expression are presented in Supplementary Table S1 .…”

Comparative transcriptomics of wild and commercial Citrus during early ripening reveals how domestication shaped fruit gene expression

“…MYB transcription factors are essential regulators of CHS expression in other species within the genus Malus [ 114 ], and indeed a MYB binding site is required for the expression of a different chalcone synthase gene in Citrus [ 115 ]. In turn, CAAT boxes have been recurrently found in the promoter region of CHS , in some cases near a MYB binding site, in many different species, including tobacco [ 116 ] and eggplant [ 117 ], among others [ 118 , 119 ]. Therefore, we hypothesize that the mandarin directed CHSm expression depends on specific point mutations on the promoter region of the gene, possibly including the existence of a MYB binding site and a CAAT box, albeit the different promoter structures that distinguish the mandarin, pummelo and ancestral structures may be also playing a role in this regulation.…”

Characterization of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase genes facilitating flavonoid biosynthesis from two species of medicinal plant Anoectochilus

“…The healthy fourth to sixth scales were cut into 2 × 2 cm, cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium for 4–6 h under dark at 28 °C, and then bombarded using helium biolistic gun (Bio-Rad, USA), incubated for 24 h at 28 °C under dark condition ( Sun et al, 2021 ). The fluorescence signal was detected by a confocal microscope (Nikon, Japan; Yang et al, 2019 ).…”