eXtended Artificial Intelligence: New Prospects of Human-AI Interaction Research

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) covers a broad spectrum of computational problems and use cases. Many of those implicate profound and sometimes intricate questions of how humans interact or should interact with AIs. Moreover, many users or future users do have abstract ideas of what AI is, significantly depending on the specific embodiment of AI applications. Human-centered-design approaches would suggest evaluating the impact of different embodiments on human perception of and interaction with AI. An approach that is difficult to realize due to the sheer complexity of application fields and embodiments in reality. However, here XR opens new possibilities to research human-AI interactions. The article’s contribution is twofold: First, it provides a theoretical treatment and model of human-AI interaction based on an XR-AI continuum as a framework for and a perspective of different approaches of XR-AI combinations. It motivates XR-AI combinations as a method to learn about the effects of prospective human-AI interfaces and shows why the combination of XR and AI fruitfully contributes to a valid and systematic investigation of human-AI interactions and interfaces. Second, the article provides two exemplary experiments investigating the aforementioned approach for two distinct AI-systems. The first experiment reveals an interesting gender effect in human-robot interaction, while the second experiment reveals an Eliza effect of a recommender system. Here the article introduces two paradigmatic implementations of the proposed XR testbed for human-AI interactions and interfaces and shows how a valid and systematic investigation can be conducted. In sum, the article opens new perspectives on how XR benefits human-centered AI design and development.

Breaking Plausibility Without Breaking Presence - Evidence For The Multi-Layer Nature Of Plausibility

“…Prominent XR use-cases now encompass education and training, health and rehabilitation, collaboration and social VR, entertainment and recreation, and many more. For example, XR applications help people overcome bad habituates [26], recover from surgery [8], learn remotely [15], exchange interculturally [10], or even understand Artificial Intelligence [27]. Overall, the XR use-cases comprise some very different goals as well as partly unique requirements.…”

An Extended AI-Experience: Industry 5.0 in Creative Product Innovation

“…This is achieved through algorithms performed by computing machines. Wienrich, and Latoschik [ 59 ] extend this definition by using computational models to solve intelligent tasks which humans are unable to perform either because of the quantity and complexity of the input data involved in for instance data mining and big data. The term Human–AI Interaction focuses on the interactions between AI technologies and humans [ 59 ].…”

“…Wienrich, and Latoschik [ 59 ] extend this definition by using computational models to solve intelligent tasks which humans are unable to perform either because of the quantity and complexity of the input data involved in for instance data mining and big data. The term Human–AI Interaction focuses on the interactions between AI technologies and humans [ 59 ]. The relationship between humans and AI technologies is further investigated in this research to analyse how AI can play a role in a brainstorming process which replicates and augments what happens in a face-to-face scenario.…”

Investigating the customer trust in artificial intelligence: The role of anthropomorphism, empathy response, and interaction

“…Interaction is a specific form of human‐computer interaction focussing on the interaction between human users and AI, that is, a computing system incorporating algorithms to replicate human capabilities like creativity, self‐dependent learning, or communicative behaviour, or that allows machines to autonomously operate in complex, continuously changing environment or processes that adopt computational models of intelligent behaviour ([52], p. 6). The interaction between IT and individuals establishes one of the five core areas of IS research and is interested in psychological aspects of human‐computer interaction [53].…”