Extended cervical approach for retrosternal multinodular goiter

Abstract

SUMMARY Objective Partial or total sternotomy is required for 10% of retrosternal goiter. This study reviewed our experience with an extended cervicotomic approach as an alternative surgical solution for retrosternal goiter. Methods A retrospective study was performed on patients who underwent partial or total thyroidectomy for retrosternal goiter between 2014 and 2019 at a tertiary medical centre. Data on clinical, radiologic, and pathologic factors were analysed. Peri- and postoperative outcomes were compared between extended and standard cervical approaches to predict the need for an extended cervical approach. Results The cohort included 265 patients, of whom 245 (92.4%) were treated by standard thyroidectomy. In 17 (6.4%), the standard approach proved insufficient, and the horizontal incision was extended to a T-shape to improve access. The remaining 3 patients required a sternotomy. Use of the extended cervical approach was significantly associated with clinical features such as male gender, diabetes, high body mass index and postoperative hypocalcaemia. Conclusions The extended cervicotomic approach is an alternative surgical solution for retrosternal goiter, with no increased risk of significant post-operative complications.