Extending Burk Dehority’s Perspectives on the Role of Ciliate Protozoa in the Rumen

Firkins, J.L.; Yu, Zhongtang; Park, Tansol; Plank, J.E.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00123

Cited by 39 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 123 publications

(230 reference statements)

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“…We speculate that the high value diversity metrics is probably linked with the high-concentrate diet (concentrate to forage, 75:25) used, which can promote the growth of rumen ciliates [ 35 , 36 ]. Furthermore, the high 18S rRNA gene copies number for large entodiniomorphids protozoa can partially explain the high diversity of rumen protozoa in this study [ 37 ]. In this study, the rumen ciliates were taxonomically assigned to 3 protozoan families and 10 genera.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The community structure and microbial linkage of rumen protozoa and methanogens in response to the addition of tea seed saponins in the diet of beef cattle

Tan

Ramírez-Restrepo

Shah

et al. 2020

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background This study investigated changes in rumen protozoal and methanogenic communities, along with the correlations among microbial taxa and methane (CH 4 ) production of six Belmont Red Composite beef steers fed tea seed saponins (TSS). Animals were fed in three consecutive feeding periods, a high-grain basal diet for 14 d (BD period) then a period of progressive addition of TSS to the basal diet up to 30 g/d for 20 d (TSS period), followed by the basal diet for 13 d without TSS (BDP post-control period). Results The study found that TSS supplementation decreased the amount of the protozoal genus Entodinium and increased Polyplastron and Eudiplodinium genera. During BDP period, the protozoa community of steers did not return to the protozoal profiles observed in BD period, with higher proportions of Metadinium and Eudiplodinium and lower Isotricha . The addition of TSS was found to change the structure of methanogen community at the sub-genus level by decreasing the abundance of methanogens in the SGMT clade and increasing the abundance of methanogens in the RO clade. The correlation analysis indicated that the abundance of SGMT clade methanogens were positively correlated with Isotricha , and Isotricha genus and SGMT clade methanogens were positively correlated with CH 4 production. While RO clade were positively correlated with the proportion of Metadinium genus, which was negatively correlated with CH 4 emission. Conclusions These results suggest that different genera of rumen protozoa ciliates appear to be selectively inhibited by TSS, and the change in methanogen community at the subgenus level may be due to the mutualistic relationships between methanogens and rumen ciliates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The community structure and microbial linkage of rumen protozoa and methanogens in response to the addition of tea seed saponins in the diet of beef cattle

Tan

Ramírez-Restrepo

Shah

et al. 2020

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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“…Whole ruminal contents from RC and predominantly ruminal fluid from ST were filtered through two layers of cheesecloth to separate fluid and solids. Studies have used two layers ( Martinez-Fernandez et al, 2019 ), four layers ( Pitta et al, 2010 ; Ji et al, 2017 ), and eight layers ( Craig et al, 1987 ) of cheesecloth to separate ruminal fractions; however, Firkins et al (2020) pointed out that maximum two layers of cheesecloth should be used if evaluating protozoa since larger protozoa can be entrapped and under-represented using multiple (i.e., more than 2) layers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Two Sampling Techniques for Evaluating Ruminal Fermentation and Microbiota in the Planktonic Phase of Rumen Digesta in Dairy Cows

et al. 2020

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The objective of this experiment was to compare ruminal fluid samples collected through rumen cannula (RC) or using an oral stomach tube (ST) for measurement of ruminal fermentation and microbiota variables. Six ruminally cannulated lactating Holstein cows fed a standard diet were used in the study. Rumen samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 h after the morning feeding on two consecutive days using both RC and ST techniques. Samples were filtered through two layers of cheesecloth and the filtered ruminal fluid was used for further analysis. Compared with RC, ST samples had 7% greater pH; however, the pattern in pH change after feeding was similar between sampling methods. Total volatile fatty acids (VFA), acetate and propionate concentrations in ruminal fluid were on average 23% lower for ST compared with RC. There were no differences between RC and ST in VFA molar proportions (except for isobutyrate), ammonia and dissolved hydrogen (dH2) concentrations, or total protozoa counts, and there were no interactions between sampling technique and time of sampling. Bacterial ASV richness was higher in ST compared with RC samples; however, no differences were observed for Shannon diversity. Based on Permanova analysis, bacterial community composition was influenced by sampling method and there was an interaction between sampling method and time of sampling. A core microbiota comprised of Prevotella, S24-7, unclassified Bacteroidales and unclassified Clostridiales, Butyrivibrio, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcus, and Sharpea was present in both ST and RC samples, although their relative abundance varied and was influenced by an interaction between sampling time and sampling method. Overall, our results suggest that ruminal fluid samples collected using ST (at 180 to 200 cm depth) are not representative of rumen pH, absolute values of VFA concentrations, or bacterial communities >2 h post-feeding when compared to samples of ruminal fluid collected using RC. However, ST can be a feasible sampling technique if the purpose is to study molar proportions of VFA, protozoa counts, dH2, and ammonia concentrations.

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“…The reticulorumen appears to be a multifunctional fermentation sac with sizes varying from cattle (35-100 L) and sheep (3-5 L) (7). The physicochemical parameters of the rumen are described in Table 1 (9)(10)(11)(12)(13). The host organism maintains the environment of rumen through various mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Their Role in Health and Metabolic Disease of Dairy Cow

Qiao

Gao

et al. 2021

Front. Nutr.

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Ruminants are mostly herbivorous animals that employ rumen fermentation for the digestion of feed materials, including dairy cows. Ruminants consume plant fibre as their regular diet, but lack the machinery for their digestion. For this reason, ruminants maintain a symbiotic relation with microorganisms that are capable of producing enzymes to degrade plant polymers. Various species of microflora including bacteria, protozoa, fungi, archaea, and bacteriophages are hosted at distinct concentrations for accomplishing complete digestion. The ingested feed is digested at a defined stratum. The polysaccharic plant fibrils are degraded by cellulolytic bacteria, and the substrate formed is acted upon by other bacteria. This sequential degradative mechanism forms the base of complete digestion as well as harvesting energy from the ingested feed. The composition of microbiota readily gets tuned to the changes in the feed habits of the dairy cow. The overall energy production as well as digestion is decided by the intactness of the resident communal flora. Disturbances in the homogeneity gastrointestinal microflora has severe effects on the digestive system and various other organs. This disharmony in communal relationship also causes various metabolic disorders. The dominance of methanogens sometimes lead to bloating, and high sugar feed culminates in ruminal acidosis. Likewise, disruptive microfloral constitution also ignites reticuloperitonitis, ulcers, diarrhoea, etc. The role of symbiotic microflora in the occurrence and progress of a few important metabolic diseases are discussed in this review. Future studies in multiomics provides platform to determine the physiological and phenotypical upgradation of dairy cow for milk production.

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Extending Burk Dehority’s Perspectives on the Role of Ciliate Protozoa in the Rumen

Cited by 39 publications

References 123 publications

The community structure and microbial linkage of rumen protozoa and methanogens in response to the addition of tea seed saponins in the diet of beef cattle

The community structure and microbial linkage of rumen protozoa and methanogens in response to the addition of tea seed saponins in the diet of beef cattle

Comparison of Two Sampling Techniques for Evaluating Ruminal Fermentation and Microbiota in the Planktonic Phase of Rumen Digesta in Dairy Cows

Gut Microbiota and Their Role in Health and Metabolic Disease of Dairy Cow

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