Extending the Enterovirus Lead: Could a Related Picornavirus be Responsible for Diabetes in Humans?

Klitz, William; Niklasson, Bo

doi:10.3390/microorganisms8091382

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, accumulated literature suggests that T1D can be seen in patients without previous T1D history, implying that vaccinating broader populations may be appropriate [ 81 , 82 ]. Furthermore, infection of β cells with viruses can occur at any age, and T2D patients could have T1D as enteroviruses have been detected in T2D patients at a higher rate than in unaffected controls [ 15 , 83 , 84 ]. It has also been proposed that vaccine viruses may induce disease-protective Treg cells, as shown in NOD mice exposed to CVB infections [ 65 , 66 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Monovalent Mt10-CVB3 Vaccine Prevents CVB4-Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes in NOD Mice

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Enteroviruses, which include Coxsackieviruses, are a common cause of virus infections in humans, and multiple serotypes of the group B Coxsackievirus (CVB) can induce similar diseases. No vaccines are currently available to prevent CVB infections because developing serotype-specific vaccines is not practical. Thus, developing a vaccine that induces protective immune responses for multiple serotypes is desired. In that direction, we created a live-attenuated CVB3 vaccine virus, designated mutant (Mt)10, that offers protection against myocarditis and pancreatitis induced by CVB3 and CVB4 in disease-susceptible A/J mice. Here, we report that the Mt10 vaccine protected against CVB4-triggered type 1 diabetes (T1D) in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice but the expected subsequent development of spontaneous T1D in these genetically predisposed NOD mice was not altered. We noted that Mt10 vaccine induced significant amounts of neutralizing antibodies, predominantly of the IgG2c isotype, and the virus was not detected in vaccine-challenged animals. Furthermore, monitoring blood glucose levels—and to a lesser extent, insulin antibodies—was found to be helpful in predicting vaccine responses. Taken together, our data suggest that the monovalent Mt10 vaccine has the potential to prevent infections caused by multiple CVB serotypes, as we have demonstrated in various pre-clinical models.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Monovalent Mt10-CVB3 Vaccine Prevents CVB4-Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes in NOD Mice

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Efavirenz, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, is widely used against HIV. Although the picornavirus does not utilize reverse transcriptase for replication, the combination of pleconaril and efavirenz was found to be superior as compared to pleconaril alone [ 93 ]. Amantadine, originally developed as an antiviral drug against influenza infection, also has an antiviral effect on picornaviruses, including hepatitis A virus [ 94 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Repositioning for Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Yan

Liu

et al. 2022

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious disease in children caused by a group of enteroviruses. HFMD currently presents a major threat to infants and young children because of a lack of antiviral drugs in clinical practice. Drug repositioning is an attractive drug discovery strategy aimed at identifying and developing new drugs for diseases. Notably, repositioning of well-characterized therapeutics, including either approved or investigational drugs, is becoming a potential strategy to identify new treatments for virus infections. Various types of drugs, including antibacterial, cardiovascular, and anticancer agents, have been studied in relation to their therapeutic potential to treat HFMD. In this review, we summarize the major outbreaks of HFMD and the progress in drug repositioning to treat this disease. We also discuss the structural features and mode of action of these repositioned drugs and highlight the opportunities and challenges of drug repositioning for HFMD.

show abstract

“…Among various types of viruses that may trigger T1D [ 60 ], two CVB serotypes (CVB1 and CVB4) are commonly linked with the development of T1D, as evidenced by serology, virus-recovery, and polymerase chain reaction analysis of viral genomic material from affected patients [ 85 , 86 , 87 ]. Additionally, T1D can be seen in families with no history of the occurrence of T1D [ 88 , 89 ]; type 2 diabetes (T2D) could coexist with T1D and T2D patients may have enterovirus levels higher than unaffected controls [ 90 , 91 , 92 ].…”

Section: Virus Infection and Disease Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccines against Group B Coxsackieviruses and Their Importance

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs) exist in six serotypes (CVB1 to CVB6). Disease associations have been reported for most serotypes, and multiple serotypes can cause similar diseases. For example, CVB1, CVB3, and CVB5 are generally implicated in the causation of myocarditis, whereas CVB1 and CVB4 could accelerate the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Yet, no vaccines against these viruses are currently available. In this review, we have analyzed the attributes of experimentally tested vaccines and discussed their merits and demerits or limitations, as well as their impact in preventing infections, most importantly myocarditis and T1D.

show abstract

Extending the Enterovirus Lead: Could a Related Picornavirus be Responsible for Diabetes in Humans?

Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

A Monovalent Mt10-CVB3 Vaccine Prevents CVB4-Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes in NOD Mice

A Monovalent Mt10-CVB3 Vaccine Prevents CVB4-Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes in NOD Mice

Drug Repositioning for Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Vaccines against Group B Coxsackieviruses and Their Importance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About