External carotid endarterectomy under direct vision

Outcome of the External Carotid Artery Following Carotid Endarterectomy with Added External Carotid Artery Eversion Endarterectomy

“…Undoubtedly, the rationale for this is to minimize the operative time, and specifically, the duration of carotid occlusion. 2) While the results of endarterectomy of ICA and common carotid artery have been excellent, scattered reports of less than acceptable short-and long-term results have been noted when these approaches are taken with the ECA. A partial explanation for this may be differences in the flow characteristics of the ECA, vis a vis the ICA and CCA, as well as the techniques utilized in handling the endpoint in the traditional approach to the ECA.…”

“…1,2) The progression of the external carotid artery (ECA) disease following CEA and its neurological outcome has been the subject of some debate with some suggesting that ECA endarterectomy predisposes to ECA occlusion. 2,3) This is particularly relevant with the advent of ICA stenting where the role of ECA is completely overlooked.…”

Effectiveness of simultaneous longitudinal incision of the external carotid artery in standardized carotid endarterectomy

“…When the internal carotid artery is occluded or narrowed, the role of the ECA as a collateral circulation supplying blood to the brain has been well documented. [1,2] For patients with ECA stenosis, the ECA would not be incised usually and the distal plaque would not be removed completely. Some people think that CEA without su cient endarterectomy of ECA is easy to lead to restenosis of carotid artery or related neurologic complications, this view has been controversial.…”