External ear microRNA expression profiles during mouse development

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) comprise a class of approximately 22 nucleotide regulatory noncoding RNAs that play several roles in diverse biological processes. Recent reports suggest that embryonic development in mammals is accompanied by dynamic changes in miRNA expression; however, there is no information regarding the role of miRNAs in the development of the external ear. The aim of this study was to determine the stage-specific expression of miRNAs during mouse external ear development in order to identify potentially implicated miRNAs along with their possible targets. miRNA expression profiles from fetal mice pinnae and back skin tissues at 13.5 dpc and 14.5 dpc were obtained using an Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA 3.0 array. Biological triplicates for both tissues, each collected from a litter averaging 16 fetuses, were analyzed. The results were analyzed with Affymetrix's Transcriptome Analysis Console software to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. We observed differential expression of 40 miRNAs including some predicted to target genes implicated in external ear development, such as mmu-miR-10a, a miRNA known to modulate Hoxa1 mRNA levels, and mmu-miR-200c and mmu-miR-205. To our knowledge, this is the first miRNA expression profiling study of external ear development in mammals. These data could set the basis to understand the implications of miRNAs in normal external ear development KEY WORDS: miRNA, pinnae, auricle, microtia, GEO (GSE64945) In mammals, the outer ear is formed by the ear pinna (i.e., the auricle and the external ear), the external acoustic meatus (i.e., the ear canal), and the outer layer of the tympanic membrane (i.e., the eardrum). The outer ear develops as a result of complex tissue interactions between ectoderm and mesoderm during embryogenesis. Outer ear development is driven by the mesenchyme of the first and second pharyngeal arches and is controlled, at least in part, by the genes that determine the first and the second pharyngeal arch identity. The auricle is formed from six protuberances in the first and the second arches known as the auricular hillocks (Jones and Chuan, 1934;Mallo and Gridley, 1996). In mice, several genes involved in external ear development have been identified, including Hoxa2, Hoxa1, Hoxb1, Prrx1, Dlx1, Dlx5, Six1, Six4, Sall1, Tbx1, Bmp5, Fgf3, Fgf8, Fgf10 and Eya1. The genetic and cellular mechanisms underlying normal morphogenesis of the external Int.

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