Extra Spindle Pole Bodies-Like 1 Serves as a Prognostic Biomarker and Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma Metastasis

Abstract

Extra spindle pole bodies-like 1 (ESPL1), a cysteine endopeptidase, plays a vital role in chromosome inheritance. However, the association of ESPL1 with prognosis and immune infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has not yet been explored. Here, we analyzed the expression level, prognostic values, diagnostic value, and immune infiltration level in LUAD using various databases. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays were used to detect the expression of ESPL1 in LUAD tissues and cell lines. In this study, we found that ESPL1 was upregulated in LUAD and a higher expression of ESPL1 was correlated with unfavorable prognosis in LUAD. Meanwhile, Cox hazard regression analysis results suggested that ESPL1 may be an independent prognostic factor for LUAD. Moreover, we demonstrated that ESPL1 expression was significantly correlated with immune infiltration of Th2 and dendritic cells in LUAD. We also confirmed that DNA copy number amplification and DNA hypo-methylation were positively correlated with ESPL1 expression in LUAD. Additionally, DNA copy number amplification was significantly associated with adverse clinical outcomes in LUAD. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) confirmed that ESPL1 was mainly involved in the DNA replication and glycolysis signaling pathway. Finally, we revealed that ESPL1 was highly expressed in LUAD tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of ESPL1 significantly inhibited cell migration and the invasion abilities of LUAD. Our study comprehensively confirmed that ESPL1 expression may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for both the clinical outcome and immune cell infiltration in LUAD.

The upregulation and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of Extra spindle pole bodies like 1 in bladder cancer: An immunohistochemistry and high-throughput screening Evaluation

“…The TME composed of immune and nonimmune cells (e.g., endothelial cells), with the former accounting for the vast majority of the TME cell population [ 36 ]. The literature suggests that the composition of the TME was closely associated with tumour progression, immune evasion and the success of immunotherapy [ 13 ]. The present found that the TME composition was significantly different between the high- and low-ESPL1-expression groups and that ESPL1 expression correlated with the levels of various immune cells.…”

“…Meanwhile, the overexpression of ESPL1 was significantly associated with higher tumour purity and lower immune cell levels in TME. In previous studies, ESPL1 expression in LUAD was positively correlated with the level of infiltration of Th2 cells and negatively correlated with the level of infiltration of mast cells, iDCs, DCs and CD8T cells and might be involved in immune evasion and tumour migration [ 13 ]. However, there is still a gap in the mining of ESPL1 in the field of immunity, especially in BC.…”

“…Extra spindle pole bodies like 1 (ESPL1) are cysteine endopeptidases, and these proteins participate in several aspects of the cell cycle by activating segregase [ 10 ]. There is growing evidence that high expression of ESPL1 is strongly associated with the development of malignant tumours, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [ 11 ], glioma [ 12 ], lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) [ 13 ] and colorectal cancer (CRC) [ 14 ]. In addition, Chen et al found that the high expression of ESPL1 was associated with the occurrence and recurrence of BC [ 15 ].…”

NCAPD2 is a novel marker for the poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma and is associated with immune infiltration and tumor mutational burden

“…Based on previous studies, in addition to NCAPD2, 18 hub genes have also been reported to be overexpressed in lung cancer and contribute to a poor prognosis. [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] Subsequently, we constructed a prognostic model, which exerted a good predictive effect. The above studies further demonstrated that hub genes, including NCAPD2, jointly promote the occurrence and progression of LUAD.…”

ESPL1 is Elevated in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Predicts Prognosis

“…Sections were incubated with secondary antibody (MaxVision TM HRP-Polymer anti-Mouse/Rabbit IHC Kit, KIT-5030, Fuzhou, China) for 25 minutes at room temperature, finally, stained with diaminobenzidine (MaxVision, DAB-1031, Fuzhou, China). 11 IHC outcomes were assessed through two pathologists who were blinded to group allocation, and all differences were resolved through discussion.…”