Extracellular Alkalinization as a Defense Response in Potato Cells

Moroz, Natalia; Fritch, Karen R.; Marcec, Matthew J.; Tripathi, Diwaker; Smertenko, Andrei; Tanaka, Kiwamu

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00032

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The H 2 O 2 production reaction described by Bolwell's group (Daudi et al ., ) is favoured by high pH, consistent with the pH increases reported during elicitor/PAMP responses. In potato, comparison of various PAMPs and DAMPs shows that only those causing a pH increase also elicit ‘ROS’ production (Moroz et al ., ). Is it feasible that NOX, together with the suppression of H + ‐ATPase activity could contribute to the high pH to favour type III peroxidase‐derived H 2 O 2 production.…”

Section: Production Of H2o2: Enzymes and Subcellular Locationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hydrogen peroxide metabolism and functions in plants

2018

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1 I. Introduction 2 II. Measurement and imaging of H O 2 III. H O and O toxicity 3 IV. Production of H O : enzymes and subcellular locations 4 V. H O transport 9 VI. Control of H O concentration: how and where? 9 VII. Metabolic functions of H O 11 VIII. H O signalling 11 IX. Where next? 13 Acknowledgements 13 References 13 SUMMARY: Hydrogen peroxide (H O ) is produced, via superoxide and superoxide dismutase, by electron transport in chloroplasts and mitochondria, plasma membrane NADPH oxidases, peroxisomal oxidases, type III peroxidases and other apoplastic oxidases. Intracellular transport is facilitated by aquaporins and H O is removed by catalase, peroxiredoxin, glutathione peroxidase-like enzymes and ascorbate peroxidase, all of which have cell compartment-specific isoforms. Apoplastic H O influences cell expansion, development and defence by its involvement in type III peroxidase-mediated polymer cross-linking, lignification and, possibly, cell expansion via H O -derived hydroxyl radicals. Excess H O triggers chloroplast and peroxisome autophagy and programmed cell death. The role of H O in signalling, for example during acclimation to stress and pathogen defence, has received much attention, but the signal transduction mechanisms are poorly defined. H O oxidizes specific cysteine residues of target proteins to the sulfenic acid form and, similar to other organisms, this modification could initiate thiol-based redox relays and modify target enzymes, receptor kinases and transcription factors. Quantification of the sources and sinks of H O is being improved by the spatial and temporal resolution of genetically encoded H O sensors, such as HyPer and roGFP2-Orp1. These H O sensors, combined with the detection of specific proteins modified by H O , will allow a deeper understanding of its signalling roles.

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Section: Production Of H2o2: Enzymes and Subcellular Locationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hydrogen peroxide metabolism and functions in plants

2018

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“…Proper cell size and age are important to gain a maximum alkalinization response, previously shown by Moroz et al (2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Using a suspension culture system, the alkalinization assay has been employed with a number of species, including grapes, poplar, Arabidopsis, tobacco, wild tomato ( S. peruvianum ), potato, sweet potato, and maize (Chang & Nick, ; Chen et al., ; Felix et al., ; Huffaker, Pearce, & Rya, ; Kunze et al., ; Moroz et al., ; Pearce & Ryan, ; Pearce et al., ; Pearce, Yamaguchi, Munske, & Ryan, ). For most studies, the method has been used to identify MAMPs, e.g., flg22 and elf18, or plant‐derived damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), e.g., systemin, RALF, AtPeps, and others.…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extracellular Alkalinization Assay for the Detection of Early Defense Response

2017

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Plant recognition of invading organisms occurs through identification of foreign molecules associated with attackers and of self‐derived, damage‐associated molecules. Perception of these molecules activates signaling processes including dynamic changes in ion balance, production of second messengers such as reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, increased levels of plant hormones, and map kinase cascade activation. Together these signaling events stimulate transcriptional changes to initiate plant defense responses. Among the earliest detectable signaling events is a rapid increase in apoplastic pH, i.e., extracellular alkalinization. Here, an assay for quantification of this alkalinization response using suspension‐cultured cell lines for Arabidopsis, potato, and maize is described. This assay is an inexpensive, fast, simple, and reproducible method to quantify defense signaling output, providing a powerful tool for evaluating early plant responses to elicitors and pathogens. Results from the alkalinization assay are comparable to other more costly and time‐consuming methods for assessing defense signaling, such as measurement of the oxidative burst, calcium influx, and marker gene expression. This bioassay is a quantitative and robust method for evaluation of plant defense output. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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“…Spongospora subterranea, and Colletotrichum coccodes) was studied using potato and Arabidopsis cells suspensions. It was shown that treatments with elicitors or zoospores from P. infestans, as well as exposure to other pathogens, induce alkalinisation of medium, ROS production and induction of defense related genes (Moroz et al, 2017). In addition, defense responses, including ROS production, defense gene expression and MAPK activation were studied in the interaction between P. capsici and Capsicum chinense cell suspensions (Nakazawa-Ueji et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

Phytophthora infestans enzymes and their role in the interaction with its hosts

Schoina¹

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Phytophthora infestans metalloproteases: an inventory of protein modifying enzymes Chapter 3 Clade 5 aspartic proteases of Phytophthora infestans are virulence factors implied in RXLR effector cleavage Chapter 4 Phytophthora infestans AP5, an aspartic protease with a G-proteincoupled receptor domain, plays a role in sporulation and host colonization Chapter 5 Phytophthora infestans small phospholipase D-like proteins elicit plant cell death and promote virulence Chapter 6 Infection of a tomato cell culture by Phytophthora infestans; a versatile tool to study Phytophthora-host interactions Chapter 7

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Extracellular Alkalinization as a Defense Response in Potato Cells

Cited by 24 publications

References 65 publications

Hydrogen peroxide metabolism and functions in plants

Hydrogen peroxide metabolism and functions in plants

Extracellular Alkalinization Assay for the Detection of Early Defense Response

Phytophthora infestans enzymes and their role in the interaction with its hosts

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