Extracellular Vesicles, A Possible Theranostic Platform Strategy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma—An Overview

D’Agnano, Igea; Berardi, Anna C.

doi:10.3390/cancers12020261

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), estimated as the sixth most common cancer in the world, is a complex malignancy, insidiously installed and diagnosed late, with a severe prognosis and whose incidence has doubled, becoming the third leading cause of death from cancer worldwide [ 76 , 84 , 85 , 86 ].…”

Section: Curcumin and The Preventive Role In Hepatocellular Carcinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curcumin and Photobiomodulation in Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Ailioaie

Litscher

2020

IJMS

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Immune modulation is a very modern medical field for targeting viral infections. In the race to develop the best immune modulator against viruses, curcumin, as a natural product, is inexpensive, without side effects, and can stimulate very well certain areas of the human immune system. As a bright yellow component of turmeric spice, curcumin has been the subject of thousands of scientific and clinical studies in recent decades to prove its powerful antioxidant properties and anticancer effects. Curcumin has been shown to influence inter- and intracellular signaling pathways, with direct effects on gene expression of the antioxidant proteins and those that regulate the immunity. Experimental studies have shown that curcumin modulates several enzyme systems, reduces nitrosative stress, increases the antioxidant capacity, and decreases the lipid peroxidation, protecting against fatty liver pathogenesis and fibrotic changes. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects millions of people worldwide, having sometimes a dramatic evolution to chronic aggressive infection, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. All up-to-date treatments are limited, there is still a gap in the scientific knowledge, and a sterilization cure may not yet be possible with the removal of both covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and the embedded HBV DNA. With a maximum light absorption at 420 nm, the cytotoxicity of curcumin as photosensitizer could be expanded by the intravenous blue laser blood irradiation (IVBLBI) or photobiomodulation in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection, Hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg)-positive, noncirrhotic, but nonresponsive to classical therapy. Photobiomodulation increases DNA repair by the biosynthesis of complex molecules with antioxidant properties, the outset of repairing enzyme systems and new phospholipids for regenerating the cell membranes. UltraBioavailable Curcumin and blue laser photobiomodulation could suppress the virus and control better the disease by reducing inflammation/fibrosis and stopping the progression of chronic hepatitis, reversing fibrosis, and diminishing the progression of cirrhosis, and decreasing the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Photodynamic therapy with blue light and curcumin opens new avenues for the effective prevention and cure of chronic liver infections and hepatocellular carcinoma. Blue laser light and UltraBioavailable Curcumin could be a new valuable alternative for medical applications in chronic B viral hepatitis and hepatocarcinoma, saving millions of lives.

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Section: Curcumin and The Preventive Role In Hepatocellular Carcinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curcumin and Photobiomodulation in Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Ailioaie

Litscher

2020

IJMS

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“…This makes the characterization of EVs a promising method to better determine the tumor biology in a noninvasive manner. Their therapeutic potential is also being explored to directly target the delivery cargo to HCC [ 126 , 127 , 134 , 135 ]. EVs could, for example, be made with miRNA known to have functions that are capable of turning on or off oncogenes or oncogenetic pathways, which can then be directly delivered to HCC.…”

Section: Novel Blood-based Biomarkers For Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors and Biomarkers for Chronic Hepatitis B Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Pandyarajan

Govalan

Yang

2021

IJMS

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Globally, hepatitis B virus (HBV) related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality. This is, in part, due to delayed diagnosis and limited therapeutic options with more advanced stages of the disease. Given the prognostic importance of early diagnosis, novel methods for early detection are in need. Unlike most other cancer types, tissue is not required to diagnose HCC and is frequently avoided given the inherent risks of liver biopsy, so less invasive methods of obtaining tumor material are currently under investigation. Material shed from tumors into the periphery are being investigated for their potential to both surveil and diagnose patients for HCC. These materials include circulating tumor cells, DNA, RNA, and exosomes, and are collectively termed a “liquid biopsy”. In this review article, we discuss the evolving literature regarding the different risk factors for HCC and the types of emerging novel biomarkers that show promise in the prevention and early diagnosis of HCC within the context of HBV infection.

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“…EVs can provide a consistent form of the liver intercellular network between hepatocytes, intrahepatic cholangiocytes, Kupfer cells which are liver-resident macrophages, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), endothelial cells, fibroblasts, infiltrating immune cells, and recruited mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), given the multicellular nature of liver [71].…”

Section: Extracellular Vesicle-derived Rnas Correlated With Hepatocellular Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Shuttles of RNA and Their Clinical Significance as Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Costanzi

Simioni

Varano

et al. 2021

Genes

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted interest as mediators of intercellular communication following the discovery that EVs contain RNA molecules, including non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Growing evidence for the enrichment of peculiar RNA species in specific EV subtypes has been demonstrated. ncRNAs, transferred from donor cells to recipient cells, confer to EVs the feature to regulate the expression of genes involved in differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and other biological processes. These multiple actions require accuracy in the isolation of RNA content from EVs and the methodologies used play a relevant role. In liver, EVs play a crucial role in regulating cell–cell communications and several pathophysiological events in the heterogeneous liver class of cells via horizontal transfer of their cargo. This review aims to discuss the rising role of EVs and their ncRNAs content in regulating specific aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma development, including tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. We analyze the progress in EV-ncRNAs’ potential clinical applications as important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for liver conditions.

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Extracellular Vesicles, A Possible Theranostic Platform Strategy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma—An Overview

Cited by 16 publications

References 66 publications

Curcumin and Photobiomodulation in Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Curcumin and Photobiomodulation in Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Risk Factors and Biomarkers for Chronic Hepatitis B Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Shuttles of RNA and Their Clinical Significance as Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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