Extracellular Vesicles and Cancer Stem Cells in Tumor Progression: New Therapeutic Perspectives

Terriaca, Sonia; Fiorelli, Elena; Storti, Gabriele; Fabbri, Giulia; Cervelli, Valerio; Orlandi, Augusto

doi:10.3390/ijms221910572

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 187 publications

(222 reference statements)

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“…L-EVs have a size range of about 100–1000 nm and are of plasma membrane origin [ 133 ]. S-EVs are of endocytic origin and their size is within a range of 50-130 nm [ 133 ].…”

Section: Mirna Studies Of Depression and Antidepressant Treatments Investigating Blood And Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…L-EVs have a size range of about 100–1000 nm and are of plasma membrane origin [ 133 ]. S-EVs are of endocytic origin and their size is within a range of 50-130 nm [ 133 ]. EPs on the other hand are small protein-nucleic-acid complexes of unknown cellular compartment and are less than 50 nm in size [ 134 ].…”

Section: Mirna Studies Of Depression and Antidepressant Treatments Investigating Blood And Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The miRNome of Depression

Żurawek

Turecki

2021

IJMS

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Depression is an effect of complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. It is well established that stress responses are associated with multiple modest and often dynamic molecular changes in the homeostatic balance, rather than with a single genetic factor that has a strong phenotypic penetration. As depression is a multifaceted phenotype, it is important to study biochemical pathways that can regulate the overall allostasis of the brain. One such biological system that has the potential to fine-tune a multitude of diverse molecular processes is RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi is an epigenetic process showing a very low level of evolutionary diversity, and relies on the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression using, in the case of mammals, primarily short (17–23 nucleotides) noncoding RNA transcripts called microRNAs (miRNA). In this review, our objective was to examine, summarize and discuss recent advances in the field of biomedical and clinical research on the role of miRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression in the development of depression. We focused on studies investigating post-mortem brain tissue of individuals with depression, as well as research aiming to elucidate the biomarker potential of miRNAs in depression and antidepressant response.

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“…L-EVs have a size range of about 100–1000 nm and are of plasma membrane origin [ 133 ]. S-EVs are of endocytic origin and their size is within a range of 50-130 nm [ 133 ].…”

Section: Mirna Studies Of Depression and Antidepressant Treatments Investigating Blood And Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mirna Studies Of Depression and Antidepressant Treatments Investigating Blood And Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

The miRNome of Depression

Żurawek

Turecki

2021

IJMS

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“…The heterogeneous compositional structures of the biological tissues lead to distinctive chemical and physical processes compared to the homogeneous man-made materials, which restricts the sensitivity, accuracy, and efficiency of signal transductions through biosensor interfaces [ 45 , 46 ]. The mismatch in mechanical properties, including toughness, flexibility, and adhesion ability, will lead to immune rejection and disable the long-term usage of sensing devices [ 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogel on a Smart Nanomaterial Interface to Carry Therapeutics for Digitalized Glioma Treatment

Zhao

Javed

Tian

et al. 2022

Gels

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Glioma is considered the primary brain tumor to cause brain illnesses, and it is difficult to treat and shows resistance to various routine therapeutics. The most common treatments to cure glioma are the surgical removal of tumors followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The latest biocompatible interfaces have been incorporated into therapeutic modalities such as the targeted delivery of drugs using hydrogels to treat and manage brain glioma. This review illustrates the applications of the multimodal hydrogel as the carrier of therapeutics, gene therapy, therapeutic tactics, and glioma devices. The scientific articles were retrieved from 2019 to 2022 on Google Scholar and the Scopus database and screened to determine whether they were suitable for review. The 20 articles that fit the study are summarized in this review. These studies indicated that the sizes of the hydrogel range from 28 nm to 500 nm. There are 16 out of 20 articles that also explain the post-surgical application of hydrogels, and 13 out of 20 articles are employed in 3D culture and other structural manifestations of hydrogels. The pros of the hydrogel include the quick formulation for a sufficient filling of irregular damage sites, solubilizing hydrophobic drugs, continuously slowing drug release, provision of a 3D cell growth environment, improving efficacy, targetability of soluble biomolecules, increasing patient compliance, and decreased side effects. The cons of the hydrogel include difficult real-time monitoring, genetic manipulations, the cumbersome synchronized release of components, and lack of safety data. The prospects of the hydrogel may include the development of electronic hydrogel sensors that can be used to enhance guidance for the precise targeting patterns using patient-specific pathological idiosyncrasies. This technology has the potential to revolutionize the precision medicine approaches that would aid in the early detection and management of solid brain tumors.

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“…It is reported that EVs derived from CSCs can induce tumor growth, metastasis, participating in angiogenesis and maintaining the stem cell phenotypes ( 185 – 188 ). EVs released from CSCs containing multiple cargoes, including proteins and multiple RNA ( 189 ). EVs can make the microenvironment to change in the direction of promoting tumor occurrence and metastasis.…”

Section: Regulation Of Hcc By Different Cell-derived Evs In the Micro...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Opportunities and Challenges

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing worldwide. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain sufficient bioactive substances and are carriers of intercellular information exchange, as well as delivery vehicles for nucleic acids, proteins and drugs. Although EVs show great potential for the treatment of HCC and their role in HCC progression has been extensively studied, there are still many challenges such as time-consuming extraction, difficult storage, easy contamination, and low drug loading rate. We focus on the biogenesis, morphological characteristics, isolation and extraction of EVs and their significance in the progression of HCC, tumor invasion, immune escape and cancer therapy for a review. EVs may be effective biomarkers for molecular diagnosis of HCC and new targets for tumor-targeted therapy.

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Extracellular Vesicles and Cancer Stem Cells in Tumor Progression: New Therapeutic Perspectives

Cited by 16 publications

References 187 publications

The miRNome of Depression

The miRNome of Depression

Hydrogel on a Smart Nanomaterial Interface to Carry Therapeutics for Digitalized Glioma Treatment

Extracellular Vesicles and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Opportunities and Challenges

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