Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes

Szabó, Gyöngyi; Momen-Heravi, Fatemeh

doi:10.1002/9781119436812.ch78

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Exosomes, unlike microvesicles which bud directly from plasma membrane and apoptotic bodies that formed during apoptosis, have endosomal origin [81]. Exosomes are the product of the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVB) with the plasma membrane ( Fig.…”

Section: Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: a New Strategy of Neurodegenerative Disease Treatment

et al. 2021

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Short-term symptomatic treatment and dose-dependent side effects of pharmacological treatment for neurodegenerative diseases have forced the medical community to seek an effective treatment for this serious global health threat. Therapeutic potential of stem cell for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders was identified in 1980 when fetal nerve tissue was used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). Then, extensive studies have been conducted to develop this treatment strategy for neurological disease therapy. Today, stem cells and their secretion are well-known as a therapeutic environment for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This new paradigm has demonstrated special characteristics related to this treatment, including neuroprotective and neurodegeneration, remyelination, reduction of neural inflammation, and recovery of function after induced injury. However, the exact mechanism of stem cells in repairing nerve damage is not yet clear; exosomes derived from them, an important part of their secretion, are introduced as responsible for an important part of such effects. Numerous studies over the past few decades have evaluated the therapeutic potential of exosomes in the treatment of various neurological diseases. In this review, after recalling the features and therapeutic history, we will discuss the latest stem cell-derived exosome-based therapies for these diseases.

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Section: Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: a New Strategy of Neurodegenerative Disease Treatment

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, stress-induced secretion of extracellular vesicles/exosomes could offer novel therapeutic opportunities by developing liquid biopsies in fibrotic diseases (a less explored area), which may yield meaningful information and help predict progression of the disease in suitable disease-specific in vitro models. Exosomes are relatively stable, can avoid background noise, can be easily detected from blood and their molecular analysis may decipher pathobiology of disease, fibrotic liver derived exosomes (in mice) showed increased CCN2; decreased Twist1, miR-214 than control mice [250]. Circulating exosomes from mice with alcohol related liver disease when transmitted to normal mice resulted in pro-inflammatory/fibrogenic liver phenotype [251].…”

Section: Future Perspectives and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MiR-125 has also been found to be upregulated in serum from patients with cirrhosis than controls [252]. Multiple studies in-vitro and in mice have revealed pathologic micro-RNAs associated with liver injury, liver fibrosis and liver malignancy [250]. However, major challenge in translating bench to bedside knowledge include reliable standardization and…”

Section: Future Perspectives and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cellular Stress Response Interactome and Extracellular Matrix Cross-Talk during Fibrosis: A Stressed Extra-Matrix Affair

Sharma¹,

Kaushal²,

Rawat³

et al. 2021

Extracellular Matrix - Developments and Therapeutics

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Diverse internal and external pathologic stimuli can trigger cellular stress response pathways (CSRPs) that are usually counteracted by intrinsic homeostatic machinery, which responds to stress by initiating complex signaling mechanisms to eliminate either the stressor or the damaged cells. There is growing evidence that CSRPs can have context-dependent homeostatic or pathologic functions that may result in tissue fibrosis under persistence of stress. CSRPs can drive intercellular communications through exosomes (trafficking and secretory pathway determinants) secreted in response to stress-induced proteostasis rebalancing. The injured tissue environment upon sensing the stress turns on a precisely orchestrated network of immune responses by regulating cytokine-chemokine production, recruitment of immune cells, and modulating fibrogenic niche and extracellular matrix (ECM) cross-talk during fibrotic pathologies like cardiac fibrosis, liver fibrosis, laryngotracheal stenosis, systemic scleroderma, interstitial lung disease and inflammatory bowel disease. Immunostimulatory RNAs (like double stranded RNAs) generated through deregulated RNA processing pathways along with RNA binding proteins (RBPs) of RNA helicase (RNA sensors) family are emerging as important components of immune response pathways during sterile inflammation. The paradigm-shift in RNA metabolism associated interactome has begun to offer new therapeutic windows by unravelling the novel RBPs and splicing factors in context of developmental and fibrotic pathways. We would like to review emerging regulatory nodes and their interaction with CSRPs, and tissue remodeling with major focus on cardiac fibrosis, and inflammatory responses underlying upper airway fibrosis.

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“…Depending on their biogenesis and structures, EVs are categorized as apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes (Figure 1). Exosomes are the smallest type of EVs (40-160 nm) and are released via endocytic pathways [5]. They are considered to be a promising source of biomarkers for disease diagnosis, including cancer, diabetic cardiomyopathy, arthritis, asthma, and neurodegeneration, since their biological cargo reflects the pathophysiological condition of the host cell [6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Biosensors Technology for Detection and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles

Bari

Hossain

Nestorova

2021

Sensors

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Exosomes are extracellular vehicles (EVs) that encapsulate genomic and proteomic material from the cell of origin that can be used as biomarkers for non-invasive disease diagnostics in point of care settings. The efficient and accurate detection, quantification, and molecular profiling of exosomes are crucial for the accurate identification of disease biomarkers. Conventional isolation methods, while well-established, provide the co-purification of proteins and other types of EVs. Exosome purification, characterization, and OMICS analysis are performed separately, which increases the complexity, duration, and cost of the process. Due to these constraints, the point-of-care and personalized analysis of exosomes are limited in clinical settings. Lab-on-a-chip biosensing has enabled the integration of isolation and characterization processes in a single platform. The presented review discusses recent advancements in biosensing technology for the separation and detection of exosomes. Fluorescent, colorimetric, electrochemical, magnetic, and surface plasmon resonance technologies have been developed for the quantification of exosomes in biological fluids. Size-exclusion filtration, immunoaffinity, electroactive, and acoustic-fluid-based technologies were successfully applied for the on-chip isolation of exosomes. The advancement of biosensing technology for the detection of exosomes provides better sensitivity and a reduced signal-to-noise ratio. The key challenge for the integration of clinical settings remains the lack of capabilities for on-chip genomic and proteomic analysis.

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Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes

Cited by 6 publications

References 59 publications

Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: a New Strategy of Neurodegenerative Disease Treatment

Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: a New Strategy of Neurodegenerative Disease Treatment

The Cellular Stress Response Interactome and Extracellular Matrix Cross-Talk during Fibrosis: A Stressed Extra-Matrix Affair

Advances in Biosensors Technology for Detection and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles

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