Extracellular vesicles from amyloid-β exposed cell cultures induce severe dysfunction in cortical neurons

Beretta, Chiara; Nikitidou, Elisabeth; Streubel-Gallasch, Linn; Ingelsson, Martin; Sehlin, Dag; Erlandsson, Anna

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-72355-2

Cited by 43 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Additionally, in both homeostatis as well as disease state astrocyte derived EVs (ADEVs) have been shown to play critical roles in modulating cellular functions in the CNS [43,44]. In AD, EVs carrying amyloid cargoes have been postulated to serve as biomarkers of disease pathogenesis [45] while also playing a role in seeding of amyloids, thus disseminating the disease [46], leading to disease progression and severity [47][48][49].…”

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confidence: 99%

Astrocytes & Astrocyte derived Extracellular Vesicles in Morphine Induced Amyloidopathy: Implications for Cognitive Deficits in Opiate Abusers

Sil¹,

Singh²,

Chemparathy³

et al. 2021

Aging and disease

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While opiates like morphine play a major role in the pharmacotherapy for the control of pain associated with various diseases, paradoxically, their long-term use is associated with cognitive impairments. Furthermore, morphine administration has been shown to result in neuronal synaptodendritic injury in rodent brains, leading to neurodegeneration. We recently reported the role of astrocytes as contributors of amyloidosis associated with HIV-associated neurological disorders. Herein we hypothesize that morphine could induce astrocytic amyloidosis, which, in turn, could be disseminated to various regions in the brain by astrocyte-derived EVs (ADEVs). In this study we demonstrate brain region-specific up-regulation of astrocytic amyloids in morphine dependendent rhesus macaques. In addition, herein we also demonstrate increased expression of β-site cleaving enzyme (BACE1), APP, and Aβ in human primary astrocytes (HPAs) exposed to morphine. Mechanisms involved in this process included the up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), its translocation and binding to the promoter of BACE1, leading to increased BACE1 activity and, generation of Aβ 1-42. Gene silencing approaches confirmed the regulatory role of HIF-1α in BACE1 mediated amyloidosis leading to astrocyte activation and neuroinflammation. We next sought to assess whether morphine-stimulated ADEVs could carry amyloid cargoes. Results showed that morphine exposure induced the release of morphine-ADEVs, carrying amyloids. Interestingly, silencing HIF-1α in astrocytes not only reduced the numbers of ADEV released, but also the packaging of amyloid cargos in the ADEVs. These findings were further validated in brain derived EVs (BEVs) isolated from macaques, wherein it was shown that BEVs from morphine-dependent macaques, carried varieties of amyloid cargoes including the cytokine IL-1β. This is the first report implicating the role of HIF-1α-BACE1 axis in morphine-mediated induction of astrocytic amyloidosis, leading, in turn, to neuroinflammation and release of the amyloid cargoes via ADEVs. These findings set the groundwork for the future development of therapeutic strategies for targeting cognitive deficits in chronic opiate users.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrocytes & Astrocyte derived Extracellular Vesicles in Morphine Induced Amyloidopathy: Implications for Cognitive Deficits in Opiate Abusers

Sil¹,

Singh²,

Chemparathy³

et al. 2021

Aging and disease

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“…Astrocytes, microglia, and co-cultures were exposed to 0.5 μM αSYN-F or 0.2 μM Aβ-F for 24h, 4d, or 7d. The concentrations were selected based on our previous studies [ 11 , 12 , 23 , 28 , 29 ]. The lower concentration of Aβ was used since aggregated Aβ is more toxic to astrocytes than aggregated αSYN.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk between astrocytes and microglia results in increased degradation of α-synuclein and amyloid-β aggregates

Rostami

Mothes

Kolahdouzan

et al. 2021

J Neuroinflammation

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118

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Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are characterized by brain accumulation of aggregated amyloid-beta (Aβ) and alpha-synuclein (αSYN), respectively. In order to develop effective therapies, it is crucial to understand how the Aβ/αSYN aggregates can be cleared. Compelling data indicate that neuroinflammatory cells, including astrocytes and microglia, play a central role in the pathogenesis of AD and PD. However, how the interplay between the two cell types affects their clearing capacity and consequently the disease progression remains unclear. Methods The aim of the present study was to investigate in which way glial crosstalk influences αSYN and Aβ pathology, focusing on accumulation and degradation. For this purpose, human-induced pluripotent cell (hiPSC)-derived astrocytes and microglia were exposed to sonicated fibrils of αSYN or Aβ and analyzed over time. The capacity of the two cell types to clear extracellular and intracellular protein aggregates when either cultured separately or in co-culture was studied using immunocytochemistry and ELISA. Moreover, the capacity of cells to interact with and process protein aggregates was tracked using time-lapse microscopy and a customized “close-culture” chamber, in which the apical surfaces of astrocyte and microglia monocultures were separated by a <1 mm space. Results Our data show that intracellular deposits of αSYN and Aβ are significantly reduced in co-cultures of astrocytes and microglia, compared to monocultures of either cell type. Analysis of conditioned medium and imaging data from the “close-culture” chamber experiments indicate that astrocytes secrete a high proportion of their internalized protein aggregates, while microglia do not. Moreover, co-cultured astrocytes and microglia are in constant contact with each other via tunneling nanotubes and other membrane structures. Notably, our live cell imaging data demonstrate that microglia, when attached to the cell membrane of an astrocyte, can attract and clear intracellular protein deposits from the astrocyte. Conclusions Taken together, our data demonstrate the importance of astrocyte and microglia interactions in Aβ/αSYN clearance, highlighting the relevance of glial cellular crosstalk in the progression of AD- and PD-related brain pathology.

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“…In sum, these studies confirmed the transport of Aβo, APP, and its cleaved products in exosomes and their further uptake and internalization by neuronal cells. Moreover, the neurotoxic effects of adding exosomes derived from AD human plasma, cell, and animal models or previously exposed to toxicity-inducing Aβ-protofibrils has also been described ( Eitan et al, 2016 ; Beretta et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Critical Roles Of Exosomes In Neurological Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes: Innocent Bystanders or Critical Culprits in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Beatriz

Vilaça

Lopes

2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membrane-enclosed particles released by cells that participate in intercellular communication through the transfer of biologic material. EVs include exosomes that are small vesicles that were initially associated with the disposal of cellular garbage; however, recent findings point toward a function as natural carriers of a wide variety of genetic material and proteins. Indeed, exosomes are vesicle mediators of intercellular communication and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The role of exosomes in health and age-associated diseases is far from being understood, but recent evidence implicates exosomes as causative players in the spread of neurodegenerative diseases. Cells from the central nervous system (CNS) use exosomes as a strategy not only to eliminate membranes, toxic proteins, and RNA species but also to mediate short and long cell-to-cell communication as carriers of important messengers and signals. The accumulation of protein aggregates is a common pathological hallmark in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion diseases. Protein aggregates can be removed and delivered to degradation by the endo-lysosomal pathway or can be incorporated in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) that are further released to the extracellular space as exosomes. Because exosome transport damaged cellular material, this eventually contributes to the spread of pathological misfolded proteins within the brain, thus promoting the neurodegeneration process. In this review, we focus on the role of exosomes in CNS homeostasis, their possible contribution to the development of neurodegenerative diseases, the usefulness of exosome cargo as biomarkers of disease, and the potential benefits of plasma circulating CNS-derived exosomes.

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Extracellular vesicles from amyloid-β exposed cell cultures induce severe dysfunction in cortical neurons

Cited by 43 publications

References 51 publications

Astrocytes & Astrocyte derived Extracellular Vesicles in Morphine Induced Amyloidopathy: Implications for Cognitive Deficits in Opiate Abusers

Astrocytes & Astrocyte derived Extracellular Vesicles in Morphine Induced Amyloidopathy: Implications for Cognitive Deficits in Opiate Abusers

Crosstalk between astrocytes and microglia results in increased degradation of α-synuclein and amyloid-β aggregates

Exosomes: Innocent Bystanders or Critical Culprits in Neurodegenerative Diseases

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