Extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells as a Covid-19 treatment

O’Driscoll, Lorraine

doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2020.04.022

Cited by 46 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…59,[153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161] Regarding COVID-19, reports involving EVs are still rare. [162][163][164][165] However, a similar role of exosomes and MVs is assumed in COVID-19 as other virus infectious diseases. [166][167][168][169][170] In particular, concerning thrombosis, there is no doubt that COVID-19 causes more symptoms in comparison with the past virus infectious disease.…”

Section: Evs and Coagulatory Abnormalities During Viral Infectionmentioning

confidence: 94%

<p>Extracellular Vesicle-Related Thrombosis in Viral Infection</p>

Nomura

Taniura²,

Ito

2020

IJGM

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Although the outcomes of viral infectious diseases are remarkably varied, most infections cause acute diseases after a short period. Novel coronavirus disease 2019, which recently spread worldwide, is no exception. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small circulating membrane-enclosed entities shed from the cell surface in response to cell activation or apoptosis. EVs transport various kinds of bioactive molecules between cells, including functional RNAs, such as viral RNAs and proteins. Therefore, when EVs are at high levels, changes in cell activation, inflammation, angioplasty and transportation suggest that EVs are associated with various diseases. Clinical research on EVs includes studies on the coagulatory system. In particular, abnormal enhancement of the coagulatory system through EVs can cause thrombosis. In this review, we address the functions of EVs, thrombosis, and their involvement in viral infection.

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Section: Evs and Coagulatory Abnormalities During Viral Infectionmentioning

confidence: 94%

<p>Extracellular Vesicle-Related Thrombosis in Viral Infection</p>

Nomura

Taniura²,

Ito

2020

IJGM

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“…During infection, EVs can amplify inflammation and deflagrate antiviral responses (Urbanelli et al, 2019) and can also mediate communication between immune cells and other cell types (Isola and Chen, 2017). The involvement of EVs in viral infection and/or host interactions in disease has already been described for several viruses, such as rabies (Wang et al, 2019b), coronaviruses (Maeda et al, 1999;Kuate et al, 2007;Börger et al, 2020;Deffune et al, 2020;Hassanpour et al, 2020;Inal, 2020a;Inal, 2020b;Kumar et al, 2020;O'Driscoll, 2020;Tsuchiya et al, 2020;Urciuoli and Peruzzi, 2020), HCV (Bartosch et al, 2003;Timpe et al, 2008;Dreux et al, 2012;Bukong et al, 2014), HBV (Jia et al, 2017;, HIV (Princen et al, 2004;Khatua et al, 2009;Xu et al, 2009;Lenassi et al, 2010;Bernard et al, 2014;Raymond et al, 2016;Sampey et al, 2016;Kodidela et al, 2018;Haque et al, 2020;Ranjit et al, 2020), HPV (Honegger et al, 2015;Guenat et al, 2017;Sadri Nahand et al, 2019;Chiantore et al, 2020), HSV (Temme et al, 2010;Han et al, 2016;Deschamps and Kalamvoki, 2018) dengue (Martins et al, 2018;…”

Section: Evs In Immune Communication and Cytokine Responses During Inmentioning

confidence: 98%

Extracellular Vesicles in Viral Infections: Two Sides of the Same Coin?

Martins

Alves

2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Extracellular vesicles are small membrane structures containing proteins and nucleic acids that are gaining a lot of attention lately. They are produced by most cells and can be detected in several body fluids, having a huge potential in therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. EVs produced by infected cells usually have a molecular signature that is very distinct from healthy cells. For intracellular pathogens like viruses, EVs can have an even more complex function, since the viral biogenesis pathway can overlap with EV pathways in several ways, generating a continuum of particles, like naked virions, EVs containing infective viral genomes and quasi-enveloped viruses, besides the classical complete viral particles that are secreted to the extracellular space. Those particles can act in recipient cells in different ways. Besides being directly infective, they also can prime neighbor cells rendering them more susceptible to infection, block antiviral responses and deliver isolated viral molecules. On the other hand, they can trigger antiviral responses and cytokine secretion even in uninfected cells near the infection site, helping to fight the infection and protect other cells from the virus. This protective response can also backfire, when a massive inflammation facilitated by those EVs can be responsible for bad clinical outcomes. EVs can help or harm the antiviral response, and sometimes both mechanisms are observed in infections by the same virus. Since those pathways are intrinsically interlinked, understand the role of EVs during viral infections is crucial to comprehend viral mechanisms and respond better to emerging viral diseases.

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“…In addition to their inherent immunomodulatory potential, the MSC-Exos can also be used as a drug-delivery system ( 100 ). MSC-Exos can be modified in vivo to release exosomes that have a higher immunomodulatory potential ( 101 ) and can be cultured using various cytokines to exhibit an anti-inflammatory state ( 102 ). Although MSC-Exos appear to be promising thera-peutic agents for COVID-19, more experimental research is necessary for them to be used clinically.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory effect of mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem-cell-derived exosomes for COVID-19 treatment

et al. 2020

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The world has witnessed unimaginable damage from the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Because the pandemic is growing rapidly, it is important to consider diverse treatment options to effectively treat people worldwide. Since the immune system is at the hub of the infection, it is essential to regulate the dynamic balance in order to prevent the overexaggerated immune responses that subsequently result in multiorgan damage. The use of stem cells as treatment options has gained tremendous momentum in the past decade. The revolutionary measures in science have brought to the world mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) as therapeutic opportunities for various diseases. The MSCs and MSC-Exos have immunomodulatory functions; they can be used as therapy to strike a balance in the immune cells of patients with COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the basics of the cytokine storm in COVID-19, MSCs, and MSC-derived exosomes and the potential and stem-cell-based ongoing clinical trials for COVID-19. [BMB Reports 2020; 53(8): 400-412]

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Extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells as a Covid-19 treatment

Cited by 46 publications

References 8 publications

<p>Extracellular Vesicle-Related Thrombosis in Viral Infection</p>

<p>Extracellular Vesicle-Related Thrombosis in Viral Infection</p>

Extracellular Vesicles in Viral Infections: Two Sides of the Same Coin?

Immunomodulatory effect of mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem-cell-derived exosomes for COVID-19 treatment

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