Extracellular vesicles in bone and tooth: A state‐of‐art paradigm in skeletal regeneration

Jin, Ying; Long, Dan; Li, Juan; Yu, Ruichao; Song, Yueming; Fang, Jie; Yang, Xi; Zhou, Shu; Huang, Shishu; Zhao, Zhihe

doi:10.1002/jcp.28303

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(219 reference statements)

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“…Hypoxia may increase the amounts of vesicles released. Various signaling compounds may also influence the respective niches of osteocytes and myocytes in response to mechanical cues, and such paracrine effects can also be transduced via vesicle fusion [32,60,61,86].…”

Section: Bone Secretory Products With Endocrine Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Muscle and Bone—Where Physics Meets Biology

et al. 2020

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Muscle and bone interact via physical forces and secreted osteokines and myokines. Physical forces are generated through gravity, locomotion, exercise, and external devices. Cells sense mechanical strain via adhesion molecules and translate it into biochemical responses, modulating the basic mechanisms of cellular biology such as lineage commitment, tissue formation, and maturation. This may result in the initiation of bone formation, muscle hypertrophy, and the enhanced production of extracellular matrix constituents, adhesion molecules, and cytoskeletal elements. Bone and muscle mass, resistance to strain, and the stiffness of matrix, cells, and tissues are enhanced, influencing fracture resistance and muscle power. This propagates a dynamic and continuous reciprocity of physicochemical interaction. Secreted growth and differentiation factors are important effectors of mutual interaction. The acute effects of exercise induce the secretion of exosomes with cargo molecules that are capable of mediating the endocrine effects between muscle, bone, and the organism. Long-term changes induce adaptations of the respective tissue secretome that maintain adequate homeostatic conditions. Lessons from unloading, microgravity, and disuse teach us that gratuitous tissue is removed or reorganized while immobility and inflammation trigger muscle and bone marrow fatty infiltration and propagate degenerative diseases such as sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Ongoing research will certainly find new therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment.

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Section: Bone Secretory Products With Endocrine Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Muscle and Bone—Where Physics Meets Biology

et al. 2020

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“…sEV are naturally occurring biological products that can be easily collected non‐invasively without the need to surgically obtain a tissue sample 24 . They offer benefits without any ethical concerns, tumorigenicity, or immunogenicity 49 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles as cell‐free therapy: Perspectives in periodontal regeneration

Novello

Pellen‐Mussi

Jeanne

2021

J of Periodontal Research

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are involved in the regeneration of the different missing or compromised periodontal tissues. MSC‐derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) have recently been explored as a favorable substitution for stem cell therapy, as they are capable of producing therapeutic effects comparable to those of their parent cells, with advantages over cell therapy. The aim of this review is to evaluate the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)‐derived sEV as cell‐free therapy in periodontal regeneration. A review of the scientific literature on sEV and their use in periodontal regeneration was performed. The main characteristics of sEV are described, and their mechanisms of action and potential biological effects in periodontal regeneration are studied. A summary of existing preclinical studies conducted in animals is performed. The results indicate that sEV derived from MSC are emerging as a promising new therapeutic tool in the field of periodontal regeneration and may become an ideal therapeutic option. In this review, we have summarized recent advances in this regard in order to better understand this newly emerging treatment. First results in vivo are promising and show a favorable potential for cell‐free therapy in periodontal regeneration.

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“…In brief, although the underlying mechanisms of the osteogenic effects of EVs remain unclear, EVs have been shown to play a role in cellular signaling and the molecular transport of bone by regulating the immune microenvironment, promoting angiogenesis, balancing bone metabolism, and participating in mineralization. Furthermore, their protective effects in hypoxic and ischemic conditions (Figure 3; Hugel et al, 2005;Liu X. et al, 2017a;Jin et al, 2019), and endogenous MSC recruitment in bone regeneration cannot be ignored (Furuta et al, 2016).…”

Section: Ev-mediated Bone Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Delivery of Extracellular Vesicles Loaded in Biomaterial Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration

Yan

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous nanoparticles actively released by cells that comprise highly conserved and efficient systems of intercellular communication. In recent years, numerous studies have proven that EVs play an important role in the field of bone tissue engineering (BTE) due to several advantages, such as good biosafety, stability and efficient delivery. However, the application of EVs therapies in bone regeneration has not been widely used. One of the major challenges for the application of EVs is the lack of sufficient scaffolds to load and control the release of EVs. Thus, in this review, we describe the most advanced current strategies for delivering EVs with various biomaterials for the use in bone regeneration, the role of EVs in bone regeneration, the distribution of EVs mediated by biomaterials and common methods of promoting EVs delivery efficacy with a focus on biomaterial properties.

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Extracellular vesicles in bone and tooth: A state‐of‐art paradigm in skeletal regeneration

Cited by 11 publications

References 118 publications

Interactions between Muscle and Bone—Where Physics Meets Biology

Interactions between Muscle and Bone—Where Physics Meets Biology

Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles as cell‐free therapy: Perspectives in periodontal regeneration

The Delivery of Extracellular Vesicles Loaded in Biomaterial Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration

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