Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Viral Infections in Humans

Caobi, Allen; Nair, Madhavan; Raymond, Andrea

doi:10.3390/v12101200

Cited by 64 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 140 publications

(274 reference statements)

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“…In both instances, viral infections are the most common cause [ 83 ]. On a cellular level, viruses can exploit the host’s machinery for vesicle biogenesis and use it to their advantage [ 84 ]; sEVs from infected cells carry viral genetic material, proteins, and, in some cases, whole viruses. As one vesicle contains several virus particles, this type of transmission is highly infectious [ 85 ].…”

Section: Role Of Sevs In Inflammatory Airway Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammatory Airway Diseases

et al. 2021

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced and released by all cells and are present in all body fluids. They exist in a variety of sizes, however, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), the EV subset with a size range from 30 to 150 nm, are of current interest. By transporting a complex cargo that includes genetic material, proteins, lipids, and signaling molecules, sEVs can alter the state of recipient cells. The role of sEVs in mediating inflammatory processes and responses of the immune system is well-documented, and adds another layer of complexity to our understanding of frequent diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and upper airway infections. In these diseases, two aspects of sEV biology are of particular interest: (1) sEVs might be involved in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory airway diseases, and might emerge as attractive therapeutic targets, and (2) sEVs might be of diagnostic or prognostic relevance. The purpose of this review is to outline the biological functions of sEVs and their capacity to both augment and attenuate inflammation and immune response in the context of pathogen invasion, CRS, asthma, and COPD.

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Section: Role Of Sevs In Inflammatory Airway Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammatory Airway Diseases

et al. 2021

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“…研究发现, ZIKV可感染胎盘巨噬细胞和滋养层细胞, 在滋养层细胞内质网采用胎盘外泌体途径通过胎盘滋养层 [29] . 单核细胞是ZIKV进入大脑的载体 [30] , 大脑中的多种脑细胞在发育过程中表达高水平的受体TAM家族(Tyro3/Axl/Merreceptortyrosinekinase)的酪氨酸蛋白激酶受体(AXL).…”

Section: 主要临床表现unclassified

Advances in congenital Zika syndrome and its pathogenesis

He¹,

Qin²,

Li³

2021

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Ceramides metabolism and impaired epidermal barrier in cutaneous diseases and skin aging: focus on the role of the enzyme PNPLA1 in the synthesis of ω-O-acylceramides and its pathophysiological involvement in some forms of congenital ichthyoses OCL (Oilseeds, Crops, fats & Lipids) 26, 17 (2019); Advances and its diagnostic criteria in the study of the reduced porphyry ore deposits in China Acta Petrologicas Sinica 36, 967 (2020); Impact of elevated aspartate and alanine aminotransferase on metabolic syndrome and its components among adult people living in Ningxia, China Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 1, 124 (2015); Platelet proteomics and its advanced application for research of blood stasis syndrome and activated blood circulation herbs of Chinese medicine

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“…Evidence suggested that exosomes carry materials from one cell to other cells for initiation and exaggeration of disease [ 6 ]. Exosomes are also involved in viral spread, immune regulation, and antiviral response during infection [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Little is known about exosomes of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and their role in pathogenesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes from COVID-19 Patients Carry Tenascin-C and Fibrinogen-β in Triggering Inflammatory Signals in Cells of Distant Organ

Sur

Khatun

Steele

et al. 2021

IJMS

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SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause cytokine storm and may overshoot immunity in humans; however, it remains to be determined whether virus-induced soluble mediators from infected cells are carried by exosomes as vehicles to distant organs and cause tissue damage in COVID-19 patients. We took an unbiased proteomic approach for analyses of exosomes isolated from plasma of healthy volunteers and COVID-19 patients. Our results revealed that tenascin-C (TNC) and fibrinogen-β (FGB) are highly abundant in exosomes from COVID-19 patients’ plasma compared with that of healthy normal controls. Since TNC and FGB stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokines via the Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, we examined the status of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C–C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) expression upon exposure of hepatocytes to exosomes from COVID-19 patients and observed significant increase compared with that from healthy subjects. Together, our results demonstrate that TNC and FGB are transported through plasma exosomes and potentially trigger pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling in cells of distant organ.

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Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis of Viral Infections in Humans

Cited by 64 publications

References 140 publications

The Emerging Role of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammatory Airway Diseases

The Emerging Role of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammatory Airway Diseases

Advances in congenital Zika syndrome and its pathogenesis

Exosomes from COVID-19 Patients Carry Tenascin-C and Fibrinogen-β in Triggering Inflammatory Signals in Cells of Distant Organ

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