Extracorporeal circulation time without clinical outcome of patients with cardiac surgery

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in Brazil and are related to the need for cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), which can cause complications. Objectives: Analyze the influence of CPB time on the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing cardiac surgery at a hospital in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Method: Retrospective study, by consulting the records of cardiovascular surgeries performed at the institution's operating room from 2013 to 2017. The sample was divided into two groups, the cutoff point used was the median CPB time (89 minutes). Statistical analysis was performed using version 26.0 of the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The variables were described as mean, standard deviation, frequency and absolute number, comparisons between categorical variables were made using the Chi-square test and between numerical variables using Student's t test. An alpha less than or equal to 5% was considered as statistical significance. Results: The sample consisted of 236 patients, 66.1% male, mean age 60.52 ± 12.63 years, and patients with older age had a longer CPB time. The most frequent cardiac surgery was myocardial revascularization, followed by valve replacement and double correction surgery, most of the procedures occurred electively. Most of the procedures followed some complication in the immediate postoperative period, with the group with the longest CPB time showing greater statistical significance for complications and mortality. There was no significant difference when considering the length of stay and the cause of death. Conclusion: The procedures had a median CPB time of 89 minutes. Older patients, hemodynamically unstable at the beginning of surgery, and who underwent double surgical correction remain in cardiopulmonary bypass longer. CPB time greater than 89 minutes is related to a greater number of complications in the postoperative period and a higher mortality rate