Extraction, Characterization and Application of Natural Dyes from the Fresh Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Peel

Abstract

This study is conducted to explore and utilize fresh mangosteen peel as an upcoming raw material for the production of natural dyes. The extract of fresh mangosteen peel is tested on cotton fabric by using alum as a mordanting agent who processed by pre-mordant dyeing procedure and fixation using 3 (three) different types of fixer. To obtain optimum interaction of fabric, mordant, dye and fixer, washing procedure has been performed using Turkish Red Oil (TRO) before the mordanting stage with varying washing time and repeated dyeing procedure with varying frequency of dyeing. As a result, the application of pre-mordanting dyeing method and fixation using iron (II) sulfate (FeSO 4 .7H 2 O), alum (KAI (SO 4) 2 .12H 2 O) and lime (CaO), produced very good color from mangosteen peel dyes extract. Cotton fabric that has been through the pre-mordanting dyeing procedure using dyes extract of mangosteen peel consecutively bring green, light brown, and dark brown color each on the fixation result using iron (II) sulfate, alum, and lime. Preliminary evaluation and instrumentation allow us to determine whether the application of washing time varies, the repeated frequency of immersion and the use of different fixers compound using dyes extract with similar concentration and dyeing procedure affect the color intensity of the fabric sample.

Extraction and Application of Natural Dyes from Brazilwood and Water guava leaves

“…Carcinogenic effects and non-biodegradable properties are the two main weaknesses of this mordant agent. This is in line with what was reported by [12]. Fig.…”

“…Increasing the intensity and color fastness at this stage is done by immersing 2.57 g of cotton fiber in 2 g/L TRO for 6 h. To remove mordant residues that do not react with fiber, rinse with distilled water 3 times. This washing procedure ends with drying the fibers in the open air for 24 h [12].…”

“…This immersion process is carried out for 1 h. To optimize the reaction between cotton fiber and mordant, immersing is continued for 24 h without heating. To remove the remaining mordant in the fabric, the fiber is rinsed three times without being squeezed, dried and then ironed to get a uniform fiber orientation [12].…”

“…Dyeing. The dyeing procedure with brazilwood bark extract and water guava leaves is carried out by following the operational conditions as presented in Table 1 and the mixture composition as in Table 2 [12]. Fixation.…”

“…Fixation were done by immersing 0.85 g of cotton fiber in 30 mL of the fixer solution for 10 min. The fixation process is ended by rinsing the fiber using distilled water (three times, each by 100 mL) and drying in the open air [12].…”