Extraction, isolation and purification of tetrahydrocannabinol from the Cannabis sativa L. plant using supercritical fluid extraction and solid phase extraction

Gallo-Molina, Ada C.; Castro-Vargas, Henry I.; Garzón-Méndez, William F.; Martínez-Ramírez, Jorge A.; Rivera‐Monroy, Zuly Jenny; King, Jerry W.; Parada-Alfonso, Fabián

doi:10.1016/j.supflu.2019.01.020

Cited by 81 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Various HPLC and UPLC methods that have been reported for the analysis of cannabinoids in C. sativa L. plant samples and Cannabis consumer products, e.g. hashish, marijuana and cannabis oils, since the year 2010, are summarised in Tables and , and appraised in the following subsections.…”

Section: Hplc and Uplc (Or Uhplc) Analysis Of Naturally Occurring Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both HPLC and UPLC methods have been applied to separate, identify and quantify various cannabinoids in C. sativa L. samples, including whole plants, roots, inflorescences and biomass containing Cannabis plant parts (Table ). However, the use of simple HPLC‐based methods has been observed more often than UPLC‐based methods for the analysis of C. sativa plant samples in the last decade.…”

Section: Hplc and Uplc (Or Uhplc) Analysis Of Naturally Occurring Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several HPLC and UPLC‐based methods for the analysis of various extracts of C. sativa whole plants have been reported . While the UV or UV‐PDA‐based detection is quite common, ESI‐MS/MS detection has been increasingly becoming the method of choice for cannabinoids analysis from C. sativa plant crude extracts by HPLC or UPLC.…”

Section: Hplc and Uplc (Or Uhplc) Analysis Of Naturally Occurring Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the UV or UV‐PDA‐based detection is quite common, ESI‐MS/MS detection has been increasingly becoming the method of choice for cannabinoids analysis from C. sativa plant crude extracts by HPLC or UPLC. In an HPLC‐UV based method, a 50 mm long monolithic column of C 18 packing with an internal diameter of 4.6 mm, and particle size of 5 μm has recently been used with a linear ACN–water gradient (flow rate: 2 mL/min) to determine THC ( 12 ) (at 210 nm) in the plant extract obtained (yield: >26%) by the supercritical extraction method at different pressures (15–33 MPa), temperature (40–80°C) and ethanol (EtOH) as a co‐solvent (0–5%). THC ( 12 ) was identified based on its retention time.…”

Section: Hplc and Uplc (Or Uhplc) Analysis Of Naturally Occurring Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on the recent advances in HPLC, UHPLC and UPLC analyses of naturally occurring cannabinoids (2010–2019)

Nahar

Önder

Sarker

2019

Phytochemical Analysis

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Introduction Organic molecules that bind to cannabinoid receptors are called cannabinoids, and they have similar pharmacological properties like the plant, Cannabis sativa L. Hyphenated liquid chromatography (LC), incorporating high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC, also known as ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography, UHPLC), usually coupled to an ultraviolet (UV), UV‐photodiode array (PDA) or mass spectrometry (MS) detector, has become a popular analytical tool for the analysis of naturally occurring cannabinoids in various matrices. Objective To review literature on the use of various LC‐based analytical methods for the analysis of naturally occurring cannabinoids published since 2010. Methodology A comprehensive literature search was performed utilising several databases, like Web of Knowledge, PubMed and Google Scholar, and other relevant published materials including published books. The keywords used, in various combinations, with cannabinoids being present in all combinations, in the search were Cannabis, hemp, cannabinoids, Cannabis sativa, marijuana, analysis, HPLC, UHPLC, UPLC, quantitative, qualitative and quality control. Results Since 2010, several LC methods for the analysis of naturally occurring cannabinoids have been reported. While simple HPLC‐UV or HPLC‐UV‐PDA‐based methods were common in cannabinoids analysis, HPLC‐MS, HPLC‐MS/MS, UPLC (or UHPLC)‐UV‐PDA, UPLC (or UHPLC)‐MS and UPLC (or UHPLC)‐MS/MS, were also used frequently. Applications of mathematical and computational models for optimisation of different protocols were observed, and pre‐analyses included various environmentally friendly extraction protocols. Conclusions LC‐based analysis of naturally occurring cannabinoids has dominated the cannabinoids analysis during the last 10 years, and UPLC and UHPLC methods have been shown to be superior to conventional HPLC methods.

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Section: Hplc and Uplc (Or Uhplc) Analysis Of Naturally Occurring Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hplc and Uplc (Or Uhplc) Analysis Of Naturally Occurring Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hplc and Uplc (Or Uhplc) Analysis Of Naturally Occurring Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hplc and Uplc (Or Uhplc) Analysis Of Naturally Occurring Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A review on the recent advances in HPLC, UHPLC and UPLC analyses of naturally occurring cannabinoids (2010–2019)

Nahar

Önder

Sarker

2019

Phytochemical Analysis

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“…However, a narrow range of CBD and Δ 9 -tHC content in raw material extracted from the ten conditions was observed; 1.49-1.65% and 5.51-6.05%, respectively. Recently, there was a high efficient technique to extract the CBD and Δ 9 -THC such as supercritical fluid extraction (Elkins et al 2019, Gallo-Molina et al 2019. However, the extraction of crude extract by maceration was still necessary to concentrate the CBD and Δ 9 -tHC yield before supercritical fluid extraction was done.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal condition of cannabis maceration to obtain the high cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol content

Monton

Madaka

Settharaksa

et al. 2019

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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the aim of this work was to optimize a maceration condition of cannabis (Cannabis sativa l.). A circumscribed central composite experimental design was applied in this work. temperature and time were varied from 40-80 °C and 30-90 min, respectively. the three responses (i.e., extraction yield, cannabidiol content, and Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol content) were predicted by computer software. the yield was high when cannabis was macerated using ethanol at high temperature and long duration time. While cannabidiol and Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol content was high when macerating at a low heating temperature and short duration time. The optimal condition provided the simultaneous high of cannabidiol and Δ 9tetrahydrocannabinol content was 40 °C for 30 min. the prediction was accurate due to low percent error. this optimal condition could be used as a guide for maceration of cannabis to obtain the extract containing a high content of cannabidiol and Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol.

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Gas chromatographic analysis of naturally occurring cannabinoids: A review of literature published during the past decade

Nahar

Chen

Sarker

2019

Phytochemical Analysis

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Introduction Cannabinoids are organic compounds, natural or synthetic, that bind to the cannabinoid receptors and have similar pharmacological properties as produced by the cannabis plant, Cannabis sativa. Gas chromatography (GC), e.g. gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS), is a popular analytical tool that has been used extensively to analyse cannabinoids in various matrices. Objective To review published literature on the use of various GC‐based analytical methods for the analysis of naturally occurring cannabinoids published during the past decade. Methodology A comprehensive literature search was performed utilising several databases, like Web of Knowledge, PubMed and Google Scholar, and other relevant published materials including published books. The keywords used, in various combinations, with cannabinoids being present in all combinations, in the search were cannabinoids, Cannabis sativa, marijuana, analysis, GC, quantitative, qualitative and quality control. Results During the past decade, several GC‐based methods for the analysis of cannabinoids have been reported. While simple one‐dimensional (1D) GC–MS and GC‐FID (flame ionisation detector) methods were found to be quite common in cannabinoids analysis, two‐dimensional (2D) GC–MS as well as GC–MS/MS also were popular because of their ability to provide more useful data for identification and quantification of cannabinoids in various matrices. Some degree of automation in sample preparation, and applications of mathematical and computational models for optimisation of different protocols were observed, and pre‐analyses included various derivatisation techniques, and environmentally friendly extraction protocols. Conclusions GC‐based analysis of naturally occurring cannabinoids, especially using GC–MS, has dominated the cannabinoids analysis in the last decade; new derivatisation methods, new ionisation methods, and mathematical models for method optimisation have been introduced.

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Extraction, isolation and purification of tetrahydrocannabinol from the Cannabis sativa L. plant using supercritical fluid extraction and solid phase extraction

Cited by 81 publications

References 22 publications

A review on the recent advances in HPLC, UHPLC and UPLC analyses of naturally occurring cannabinoids (2010–2019)

A review on the recent advances in HPLC, UHPLC and UPLC analyses of naturally occurring cannabinoids (2010–2019)

Optimal condition of cannabis maceration to obtain the high cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol content

Gas chromatographic analysis of naturally occurring cannabinoids: A review of literature published during the past decade

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