Extraction, Phytochemical Screening and Quantitative Determination of Phenols and Flavonoids in Extract of Kalanchoe pinnata and Pongamia pinnata

Abstract

Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which are used for curing of various human diseases and also play an important role in healing. Secondary constituents contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenol, saponin, steroids and tannins. Medicinal plants have anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antidiuretic and anti-inflammation activities. The increasing interest in powerful biological activity of secondary metabolites outlined the necessity of determining their contents in medicinal plants. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre (P. pinnata, Fabaceae) popularly known as Karanj or Karanja in Hindi, and Indian beech in English, is a medium-sized glabrous tree. Traditionally, different parts of P. pinnata such as bark, leaves, seeds, roots, flowers and stem have been utilized in the native medicine systems of different civilizations. Kalonche pinnata (K. pinnata, Crassulaceae) known as Patharchata in hindi, is a succulent plant. It has many pharmacological uses like a suitable treatment in sleep problems in cancer patients. Also called as wonder of life K. pinnata is used to treat diabetic foot infections. The aim of the present study is to examine leaf of K. pinnata and seed of P. pinnata for phytochemical profile. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents and quantitative analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids were determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. Quantitative analysis of phenolic and flavonoids was carried out by Folins Ciocalteau reagent method and aluminium chloride method respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, fixed oil and fats. The total phenolics content of hydroalcoholic extract of K. pinnata was (0.952 mg/100mg), followed by flavonoids (0.640mg/100mg) respectively. The total flavonoids content of hydroalcoholic extract of P. pinnata was (1.398mg/100mg). The present study concluded that the crude extract of K. pinnata and P. pinnata is a rich source of secondary phytoconstituents which impart significant antioxidant potential. The findings of the present study will be helpful to phytochemists, pharmacologists and pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: Pongamia pinnata, Kalonche pinnata, Phytochemical, Folins ciocalteau reagent