Extraction, purification, structure, modification, and biological activity of traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides: A review

Abstract

Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), as the unique natural resource, are rich in polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins, amino acid, fats, vitamins, and other components. Hence, TCM have high medical and nutritional values. Polysaccharides are one of the most important active components in TCM. Growing reports have indicated that TCM polysaccharides (TCMPs) have various biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-aging, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and other activities. Hence, the research progresses and future prospects of TCMPs must be systematically reviewed to promote their better understanding. The aim of this review is to provide comprehensive and systematic recombinant information on the extraction, purification, structure, chemical modification, biological activities, and potential mechanism of TCMPs to support their therapeutic effects and health functions. The findings provide new valuable insights and theoretical basis for future research and development of TCMPs.

Sex differences in pharmacological interventions and their effects on lifespan and healthspan outcomes: a systematic review

“…Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is another field where researchers have tested compounds for their effects on longevity and healthspan ( Zhao and Luo, 2017 ) ( Table 5 ). TCM has a long history, and many herbs and their components are being studied now in a variety of diseases where they show beneficial effects, including aging ( Chen et al, 2019 ; Bi et al, 2022 ; Xue et al, 2022 ). The flavanol Icariin, an ingredient of the herb Epimedium , improved the median lifespan in male mice by 8%, accompanied by improved muscle function and coordination.…”

Auricularia auricula Anionic Polysaccharide Nanoparticles for Gastrointestinal Delivery of Pinus koraiensis Polyphenol Used in Bone Protection under Weightlessness

“…AAP I, AAP II and AAP III was obtained by anion-exchange methods [ 20 ]. Crude polysaccharides of Auricularia auricula were prepared into 2 mg (Glucose equivalent)/mL solution and purified by anion-exchange chromatography (DEAE-52-cellulose chromatography column, 2.5 cm i.d.…”

Extraction, purification, structural modification, activities and application of polysaccharides from different parts of mulberry

“…The yields of polysaccharides from biphasic aqueous extraction are larger than those from regular aqueous extraction, yet the challenge remains in precisely and swiftly determining the appropriate biphasic solution. 12 While there are benefits and drawbacks to each extraction technique, plant polysaccharides are still mostly extracted via water extraction, diluted alkaline extraction, and other techniques because of equipment constraints and expense. Numerous factors can impact the polysaccharide extraction efficiency.…”

“…Structural modification can enhance the polysaccharide's biological action by changing the molecular structure, molecular weight, quantity, and location of polysaccharide substituent groups and even obtaining new biologically active polysaccharide derivatives. 12 Current methods for obtaining polysaccharide derivatives include sulfation, carboxymethylation, acetylation, alkylation modifications, and so on. Chen found that selenated mulberry polysaccharides showed a higher scavenging capacity of peroxyl radicals in vitro than selenated mulberry polysaccharides, could lower blood glucose by promoting insulin secretion and pancreatic cell proliferation, and had a more significant hypoglycemic effect than unselenated mulberry polysaccharides.…”