Extracts and Steroids from the Edible Mushroom Hypholoma lateritium Exhibit Anti‐Inflammatory Properties by Inhibition of COX‐2 and Activation of Nrf2

Abstract

Hypholoma lateritium is an edible macrofungus with a common distribution in Europe, North America, and the Far East. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential anti‐inflammatory effects of H. lateritium extracts and its isolated steroids: fasciculic acid B, fasciculol E, fasciculol C, lanosta‐7,9(11)‐diene‐12β,21α‐epoxy‐2α,3β,24β,25‐tetraol, fasciculol F, and demethylincisterol A2. Organic (hexane, chloroform and 50 % methanol) and water extracts of H. lateritium were subjected to in vitro assays to determine pro‐inflammatory protein levels, such as cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), cytosolic prostaglandin E2 synthase (cPGES), and antioxidant nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2). Fungal extracts demonstrated significant activities on pro‐inflammatory protein levels with minor differences among the activities of the fractions of different polarities. All the compounds proved to exert notable inhibitory properties on COX‐2 and were capable to stimulate the Nrf2 pathway. Fungal extracts and the compounds exerted no cytotoxic activities on RAW 264.7 cells.

Pholiols E–K, lanostane-type triterpenes from Pholiota populnea with anti-inflammatory properties

“…Triterpenes of Hypholoma lateritium exerted a significant inhibitory effect on COX-2 and were able to promote the Nrf2 pathway. Fasciculol C, the hexahydroxylated lanostane, synthesized the highest level of Nrf2 (Ványolós et al, 2020).…”

“Fruiting Liquid” of Mushroom-Forming Fungi, A Novel Source of Bioactive Compounds – Fruiting-Body Inducer and HIF and Axl Inhibitors

“…Triterpenes and steroids have been isolated from the fruiting bodies of H. lateritium; however, any sesquiterpenes such as 1 have never been isolated from this fungus. , Among the metabolites of H. erinaceus , chlorinated orcinol derivatives were produced from the culture broth and scrap cultivation beds of this fungus. − However, sugar alcohol analogs like 2 – 4 were isolated from H.…”

Castration Model Illuminates Sex Differences in Healthy Aging: Insights from Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses

“…CasM mice exhibited elevated levels of various metabolites associated with healthy aging, anti-skin aging, and anti-inflammation, such as ectoine [35], resolvin D2 [36], oleamide [27, 28], taurine [37], taurocholic acid [38], taurodeoxycholic acid [39], nicotinamide [40], ascorbic acid (vitamin C) [41], D- pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) [42, 43] and choline [44] ( Figure 4C ). Similar to shamF, casM mice also showed an enrichment of anti-oxidative metabolites likely derived from plant-based foods, including ganoderenic acid C [45], oleuropeic acid [46], fasciculol C [47], graveoline [48] ( Figure 4C ).…”

“…taurodeoxycholic acid [39], nicotinamide [40], ascorbic acid (vitamin C) [41], Dpantothenic acid (vitamin B5) [42,43] and choline [44] (Figure 4C). Similar to shamF, casM mice also showed an enrichment of anti-oxidative metabolites likely derived from plant-based foods, including ganoderenic acid C [45], oleuropeic acid [46], fasciculol C [47], graveoline [48] (Figure 4C).…”