Extramedullary hematopoiesis: Elucidating the function of the hematopoietic stem cell niche (Review)

Yamamoto, Kouhei; Miwa, Yukako; Abe‐Suzuki, Shiho; Abe, Shinya; Kirimura, Susumu; Onishi, Iichiroh; Kitagawa, Masanobu; Kurata, Morito

doi:10.3892/mmr.2015.4621

Cited by 73 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…1 Accordingly, only 30 cases of cutaneous EMH were reported. 3,7,8 In line with this concept, we herein identified SCF + /CXCL12 + cells in cutaneous EMH (Fig. 3,5,7 It has been shown in mouse models that SCF + / CXCL12 + MSC-derived cells in the niche recruit and tether HSCs, which express corresponding receptors for these cytokines CD117 (c-KIT) and CXCR4, respectively.…”

supporting

confidence: 65%

Presence of SCF/CXCL12 double‐positive large blast‐like cells at the site of cutaneous extramedullary haematopoiesis

Kogame

Hirata

Kataoka

et al. 2018

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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supporting

confidence: 65%

Presence of SCF/CXCL12 double‐positive large blast‐like cells at the site of cutaneous extramedullary haematopoiesis

Kogame

Hirata

Kataoka

et al. 2018

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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“…However, postnatally and through adulthood, physiologic hematopoiesis takes place primarily in the BM while EH is considered pathologic. Post-natal EH typically occurs in the setting of insufficient BM function, ineffective hematopoiesis, hematologic disorders, stromal disorders, or systemic inflammatory conditions [1]. Despite the common nature of these pathologic conditions, there is a paucity of literature addressing techniques for studying both physiologic and pathologic EH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While programmed EH is required to replace the lack of hematopoietic activity in BM, excessive disease-associated EH may result from chronic inflammation [17]. Disease-associated EH has been observed in diverse organs including liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and heart [1]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive selection of reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR analysis of murine extramedullary hematopoiesis during development

et al. 2017

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The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive evaluation and selection of reference genes for the study of extramedullary hematopoiesis during development and the early post-natal period. A total of six candidate reference genes (ACTB, GAPDH, HPRT1, PPID, TBP, TUBB3) in four organs (heart, liver, spleen, and thymus) over five perinatal time points (Embryonic days 14.5, 16.5, 18.5, Post-natal days 0, 21) were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. The expression stability of the candidate reference genes were analyzed using geNorm, NormFinder, Bestkeeper, Delta CT method, and RefFinder software packages. Detailed methodology for isolation of high quality/purity RNA and analysis is presented. Detailed analysis demonstrated that TBP is the best single reference gene for embryonic samples and HPRT1 is the best single reference gene for post-natal and pooled embryonic and post-natal samples. Organ-level analysis demonstrated that HPRT1 was the most suitable reference gene for heart, liver and thymus samples, while TBP was the best candidate for spleen samples. In general, TUBB3 was consistently the least stable gene for normalization. This is the first study to describe a systematic comprehensive selection of reference genes for murine extramedullary hematopoietic tissues over a developmental time course. We provide suggested reference genes for individual tissues and developmental stages and propose that a combination of reference genes affords flexibility in experimental design and analysis.

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“…3,4 Foci of EMH have been reported in virtually every body site, the most frequent being liver, spleen, lymph nodes and paravertebral regions. While normally occurring during fetal development, its occurrence in adults is usually a compensatory mechanism for various bone marrow disorders that impair hematopoiesis, such as in myelofibrosis, or in response to defects of the red blood cells that lead to hemolysis in conditions including pyruvate kinase deficiency and sickle cell disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 While the entity of EMH and its associated conditions have long been recognized, the specific mechanisms giving rise to EMH are unknown and remain as postulates. 3,4 Foci of EMH have been reported in virtually every body site, the most frequent being liver, spleen, lymph nodes and paravertebral regions. 5,6 Intracranial EMH is extremely rare and such patients can present with headache, papilledema, visual-field defects, seizures, and hydrocephalus, or be asymptomatic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A common complication of myelofibrosis presenting as a rare finding in cerebrospinal fluid cytology

Ruíz-Cordero

Jorgensen

Krishnamurthy

et al. 2017

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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Herein, we present a rare case of intracranial extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology and describe the clinical presentation, radiologic, and pathologic findings. A 65 year-old man with a history of progressing primary myelofibrosis was admitted for headaches and right facial numbness. A brain MRI revealed focal abnormalities that were suspicious for leptomeningeal involvement of acute leukemia. Cytologic examination of CSF demonstrated a hypercellular specimen composed of hematopoietic cells including few blasts, as well as maturing red blood cells and granulocytic cells. The integration of morphologic findings, peripheral blood and bone marrow counts, as well as flow cytometric analysis of CSF and bone marrow, excluded leptomeningeal involvement by leukemic blasts and helped establish the diagnosis of intracranial EMH. Inclusion of EMH in the differential diagnosis of intracranial pathology in patients with known conditions predisposing them to EMH is important because recognizing this rare event has implications for treatment and prognosis.

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Extramedullary hematopoiesis: Elucidating the function of the hematopoietic stem cell niche (Review)

Cited by 73 publications

References 50 publications

Presence of SCF/CXCL12 double‐positive large blast‐like cells at the site of cutaneous extramedullary haematopoiesis

Presence of SCF/CXCL12 double‐positive large blast‐like cells at the site of cutaneous extramedullary haematopoiesis

Comprehensive selection of reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR analysis of murine extramedullary hematopoiesis during development

A common complication of myelofibrosis presenting as a rare finding in cerebrospinal fluid cytology

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