Extratemporal Damage in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Magnetization Transfer Adds Information to Volumetric MR Imaging: Fig 1.

Diniz, Paula Rejane Beserra; Velasco, Tonicarlo Rodrigues; Salmon, Carlos Ernesto Garrido; Sakamoto, Américo Ceiki; Leite, João P.; Santos, Antônio Carlos dos

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a2639

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Patients and an animal model of MTLE often present neurodegenerative damage in different brain areas (Araujo et al, 2006; Diniz et al, 2011; Kandratavicius et al, 2015; Peixoto-Santos et al, 2015; Wolf et al, 2016). In particular, severe loss of hilar interneurons and pyramidal neurons in CA3 and CA1 is commonly seen in the hippocampus of MTLE patients and animal models (Turski et al, 1983a; Leite et al, 1996; Covolan et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Cannabidiol against Seizures and Neuronal Death in a Rat Model of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

et al. 2017

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The present study reports the behavioral, electrophysiological, and neuropathological effects of cannabidiol (CBD), a major non-psychotropic constituent of Cannabis sativa, in the intrahippocampal pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) rat model. CBD was administered before pilocarpine-induced SE (group SE+CBDp) or before and after SE (group SE+CBDt), and compared to rats submitted only to SE (SE group), CBD, or vehicle (VH group). Groups were evaluated during SE (behavioral and electrophysiological analysis), as well as at days one and three post-SE (exploratory activity, electrophysiological analysis, neuron density, and neuron degeneration). Compared to SE group, SE+CBD groups (SE+CBDp and SE+CBDt) had increased SE latency, diminished SE severity, increased contralateral afterdischarge latency and decreased relative powers in delta (0.5–4 Hz) and theta (4–10 Hz) bands. Only SE+CBDp had increased vertical exploratory activity 1-day post SE and decreased contralateral relative power in delta 3 days after SE, when compared to SE group. SE+CBD groups also showed decreased neurodegeneration in the hilus and CA3, and higher neuron density in granule cell layer, hilus, CA3, and CA1, when compared to SE group. Our findings demonstrate anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of CBD preventive treatment in the intrahippocampal pilocarpine epilepsy model, either as single or multiple administrations, reinforcing the potential role of CBD in the treatment of epileptic disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Cannabidiol against Seizures and Neuronal Death in a Rat Model of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

et al. 2017

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“…The extent of atrophy noted in TLE patients suggests that the impact of temporal seizures is more widespread than the immediate temporal vicinity of the epileptogenic region. Furthermore, the bilateral distribution of tissue-specific atrophy suggests that the neuronal atrophy extends to both hemispheres, regardless of the side of focal epileptic origin [38-40]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI segmentation analysis in temporal lobe and idiopathic generalized epilepsy

et al. 2014

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BackgroundTemporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) patients have each been associated with extensive brain atrophy findings, yet to date there are no reports of head to head comparison of both patient groups. Our aim was to assess and compare between tissue-specific and structural brain atrophy findings in TLE to IGE patients and to healthy controls (HC).MethodsTLE patients were classified in TLE lesional (L-TLE) or non-lesional (NL-TLE) based on presence or absence of MRI temporal structural abnormalities. High resolution 3 T MRI with automated segmentation by SIENAX and FIRST tools were performed in a group of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (11 L-TLE and 15 NL-TLE) and in15 IGE as well as in 26 HC. Normal brain volume (NBV), normal grey matter volume (NGMV), normal white matter volume (NWMV), and volumes of subcortical deep grey matter structures were quantified. Using regression analyses, differences between the groups in both volume and left/right asymmetry were evaluated. Additionally, laterality of results was also evaluated to separately quantify ipsilateral and contralateral effects in the TLE group.ResultsAll epilepsy groups had significantly lower NBV and NWMV compared to HC (p < 0.001). L-TLE had lower hippocampal volume than HC and IGE (p = 0.001), and all epilepsy groups had significantly lower amygdala volume than HC (p < = 0.004). In L-TLE, there was evidence of atrophy in both ipsilateral and contralateral structures.ConclusionsOur study revealed that TLE and IGE patients demonstrated similar overall tissue-specific brain atrophy, although specific structures differences were appreciated. L-TLE also appeared to behave differently than NL-TLE, with atrophy not limited to the ipsilateral side.

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“…Seizures begin at a later age in MRI-neg TLE, there is a lower proportion of antecedent childhood febrile convulsions, 14,15 and histological examination does not show the classical pattern of hippocampal neuronal loss. Voxel-based morphometry in HS-TLE has shown widespread atrophy affecting bilateral temporal and extratemporal regions [19][20][21][22] or a more restricted pattern involving the ipsilateral temporal lobe. 18 White matter abnormalities in TLE have previously been investigated with either volumetry of T1-weighted imaging, or microstructural analysis of diffusion-weighted imaging.…”

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confidence: 99%