Extraversion/Introversion and Age-Related Differences in Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff

Meira, Cássio M.; Moraes, Renato; Moura, Mariana; Ávila, Luciana Toaldo Gentilini; Tosini, Laura; Magalhães, Fernando Henrique

doi:10.1590/1517-869220182403172690

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Moreover, Y was the MT (in milliseconds) and X the index of difficulty (ID2, ID4a, ID4b and ID6). The value of r 2 was used in order to show the dispersion of data as used for Fernani et al, (2017) and Meira Jr, (2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of speed-accuracy trade-off in a computer task to identify motor difficulties in individuals with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - A cross-sectional study

Silva

Ribeiro-Papa

Coe

et al. 2020

Research in Developmental Disabilities

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Introduction: Individuals with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) present with progressive loss of motor function which can impair both control of speed and accuracy of movement. Aim: to evaluate movement time during a task at various levels of difficulty and to verify whether the level of difficulty affects the speed and/ or accuracy during the task. Methods: the DMD group comprised of 17 individuals age matched with 17 individuals with typical development (TD group). The task evaluates the relationship between speed and accuracy, consisting of the execution of manual movements (using the mouse of the computer) aimed at a target at three different levels of difficulty (ID). Results: A MANOVA demonstrated statistically significant differences in dispersion data and intercept values between the groups with greater movement time in the DMD group. An ANOVA indicated differences between groups for ID, except for when there was a higher accuracy demand (higher ID). In the other IDs that required lower accuracy demand, individuals in the DMD group had significantly longer movement time when compared to the TD group. Conclusion: These results show that the TD and DMD did not differ in the higher ID, therefore it can be concluded that for those with DMD, motor performance is more affected by speed than accuracy of movement. What this paper adds? It is known that individuals with DMD have considerable motor deficits, however this paper shows that when the task involves higher accuracy compared with speed, people with DMD have performance similar to typically developed peers. This insight is a novel finding and can inform the rehabilitation team, to focus on training of speed, whilst maintaining accuracy for better execution of daily life tasks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of speed-accuracy trade-off in a computer task to identify motor difficulties in individuals with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - A cross-sectional study

Silva

Ribeiro-Papa

Coe

et al. 2020

Research in Developmental Disabilities

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“…We excluded from the sample participants who scored 13 on extraversion or who scored above 12 on the control scale. These cut-off values were defined based on previous studies with similar samples from the same geographic region, according to which the average score in the extraversion trait was between 12 and 13 points ( Kaefer et al, 2014 ; Meira et al, 2015 , 2018 ). Owing to the principle of independence of traits ( Eysenck, 2017 ; Flores-Mendoza and Colom, 2006), the other traits were not considered for the purposes of this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The focus of the present work is on the extraversion trait, which is related to how active, communicative, and assertive people are. Knowledge about this trait has been pointed out as an important tool to understand motor behavior of individuals so that to adjust pedagogical procedures regarding speed-accuracy tradeoff ( Meira et al, 2018 ), practice schedule ( Meira et al, 2015 ), and feedback provision ( Kaefer et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These extreme levels of arousal might lead extraverts and introverts to have different reactions to the same stimuli or situation. For example, extraverts tend to prefer speed over accuracy, while introverts are more inclined to accuracy over speed ( Meira et al, 2018 ; Sawyer et al, 1982 ; Wakefield, 1979 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same task was employed by Meira et al (2015) , who indicated that the contextual interference effect i.e., random practice which degraded acquisition performance compared to blocked practice, but enhanced subsequent retention and transfer performance, was more pronounced for introverts than extraverts. Meira et al (2018) determined in a speed-accuracy tradeoff task that elderly introverts fell short of the target more often and committed more overall errors than the elderly extraverts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Caffeine Produces Neutral Effects on Extraverts’ and Introverts’ Performance of Fundamental Motor Skills

Gomes

Tosini

Oliveira

et al. 2021

Journal of Human Kinetics

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Extraverts are active and talkative, while introverts are quiet and calm. This difference has been attributed to the cortical activation level (arousal), which is low in extraverts and high in introverts. Thus, to reach an optimal level of arousal, extraverts seek stimulation and introverts avoid it. As caffeine increases arousal levels, our primary aim was to investigate the effect of caffeine on the performance of extraverted and introverted university students in the execution of stability, manipulative, and locomotor tasks. Considering the above, we evaluated side effects, such as restlessness and trembling of hands, we also analyzed the individual's perception regarding caffeine intake and the placebo. Forty two volunteers were classified as 21 extraverts and 21 introverts by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Participants performed three tasks on two different days, having previously ingested caffeine and a placebo in counterbalanced order. A double-blind technique was employed. The dependent variable was the execution time to perform the tasks. The analyses of variance [2 (extraversion/introversion) x 2 (caffeine x placebo)] for each task did not show significant differences. Regarding the secondary aim, the chi-square test showed that introverts had a better perception of the substance they had ingested than did extraverts. Our findings indicate that in the execution of stability, manipulative, and locomotor tasks, either caffeine or the placebo produced the same effect, regardless of the participants' extraversion score. In addition, introverts were more sensitive to perceive which substance was ingested, caffeine or the placebo, than extraverts.

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Extroversion-Related Differences in Gaze Behavior during a Computer Task for Assessing Speed–Accuracy Trade-Off: Implications for Sensor-Based Applications

Tosini

Gomes

Corbetta

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The principle of Fitts’ law explains that the difficulty of movement increases when targets are farther away and narrower in width, particularly when touching two parallel targets as quickly as possible. Understanding the differences in motor and gaze behaviors between extroverts and introverts when performing tasks that require speed and accuracy is crucial for the development of sensor-based interfaces for games and rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate such differences in a computer task that assesses the speed–accuracy trade-off (Fitts’ task). Twenty introverts and seventeen extroverts wore an eye tracker and an accelerometer attached to their hand while performing 12 trials through six levels of difficulty presented on a computer screen. The results showed that introverts had longer visual fixations at the higher difficulty levels and reduced pupil diameter variability when difficulty was intermediate, suggesting that their gaze behavior may be different from that of extroverts. However, no significant differences were found in the speed and accuracy performance or kinematic variables between extroverts and introverts. These findings have important implications for the design of interventions that require both speed and accuracy in movement, such as in the development of virtual reality/games for rehabilitation purposes. It is important to consider individual differences in motor and gaze behaviors, particularly in those who may struggle with longer visual fixations, for the design of sensor-based applications and to promote successful interventions and recovery.

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Extraversion/Introversion and Age-Related Differences in Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Evaluation of speed-accuracy trade-off in a computer task to identify motor difficulties in individuals with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - A cross-sectional study

Evaluation of speed-accuracy trade-off in a computer task to identify motor difficulties in individuals with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - A cross-sectional study

Caffeine Produces Neutral Effects on Extraverts’ and Introverts’ Performance of Fundamental Motor Skills

Extroversion-Related Differences in Gaze Behavior during a Computer Task for Assessing Speed–Accuracy Trade-Off: Implications for Sensor-Based Applications

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