Extreme Events Trigger Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystem Collapses in the Southwestern USA and Southwestern Australia

Ruthrof, Katinka X.; Fontaine, Joseph B.; Breshears, David D.; Field, James A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71330-0_8

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Where the literature has identified a role of ecosystem-based adaptation or nature-based solutions has been highlighted. However, responses to compound climate impacts are necessary for all of life on earth including ecosystems 146 , 147 , 148 and the ecological infrastructures they provide. 149 , 150 These broader response domains also need to be better understood for how they relate to human adaptation to climate change.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation to compound climate risks: A systematic global stocktake

Simpson¹,

Williams²,

Mach³

et al. 2023

iScience

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation to compound climate risks: A systematic global stocktake

Simpson¹,

Williams²,

Mach³

et al. 2023

iScience

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“…All of these ECEs can have widespread, severe and long-term impacts on ecosystem stability and biodiversity [e.g. [77][78][79][80] and provide little opportunity for adaptation or mitigation measures [27]. Moreover, ECEs are superimposed upon ongoing trends of increasing global temperatures and atmospheric CO 2 concentrations, as well as changes in other environmental factors [81], which have the potential to adversely affect many organisms.…”

Section: Interactive Effects Of Uv Radiation and Extreme Climate Even...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021

Barnes

Robson

Neale

et al. 2022

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel of the Montreal Protocol under the United Nations Environment Programme evaluates effects on the environment and human health that arise from changes in the stratospheric ozone layer and concomitant variations in ultraviolet (UV) radiation at the Earth’s surface. The current update is based on scientific advances that have accumulated since our last assessment (Photochem and Photobiol Sci 20(1):1–67, 2021). We also discuss how climate change affects stratospheric ozone depletion and ultraviolet radiation, and how stratospheric ozone depletion affects climate change. The resulting interlinking effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change are assessed in terms of air quality, carbon sinks, ecosystems, human health, and natural and synthetic materials. We further highlight potential impacts on the biosphere from extreme climate events that are occurring with increasing frequency as a consequence of climate change. These and other interactive effects are examined with respect to the benefits that the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments are providing to life on Earth by controlling the production of various substances that contribute to both stratospheric ozone depletion and climate change.

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“…Corresponding with the ninth heatwave of the 2010/2011 summer period, significant changes were observed in a broad range of terrestrial and marine flora and fauna in south-western Australia (Ruthrof et al 2018(Ruthrof et al , 2021. This included patches of the NJF, which began experiencing dieoff in February 2011 (Matusick et al 2013).…”

Section: Forest Die-offmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem functional traits vary among co-occurring tree species and forest vulnerability to drought

2022

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Context Stem functional traits are critical for tree hydraulic infrastructure and have important consequences for forest function, particularly concerning vulnerability to drought. Methods Three stem traits, sapwood area, heartwood area, and bark area, were measured in two co-dominant forest species, Eucalyptus marginata Donn. Ex. Sm. and Corymbia calophylla (Lindl.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, in forest patches with low and high vulnerabilities to drought in south-western Australia. Patches of high drought vulnerability experienced die-off during a heatwave and drought in 2011, while patches of low vulnerability were largely not affected. Key results Sapwood area was significantly higher in C. calophylla than in E. marginata, and C. calophylla maintained more sapwood per unit DBH than did E. marginata, especially in larger trees. There was a 29% smaller sapwood area in high drought-vulnerability patches than in low drought-vulnerability patches (including both species). The relationship between sapwood area and DBH varied by tree size. Small trees had a greater sapwood area in high drought-vulnerable patches, whereas larger trees had more sapwood in low drought-vulnerable patches. It is unclear whether sapwood area relationships reflect differences in leaf area or tree age. Conclusions Observed differences in sapwood between species may help explain their differential tolerance to drought, whereas differences between drought-vulnerability sites may suggest adaptation in the studied species. Implications Understanding the traits associated with drought vulnerability will increase our prediction of forest response to drying and warming. Strong relationships between stem traits and DBH, developed here, may help future efforts to model water-use in the Northern Jarrah Forest.

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Extreme Events Trigger Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystem Collapses in the Southwestern USA and Southwestern Australia

Cited by 5 publications

References 108 publications

Adaptation to compound climate risks: A systematic global stocktake

Adaptation to compound climate risks: A systematic global stocktake

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2021

Stem functional traits vary among co-occurring tree species and forest vulnerability to drought

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