Extreme insular dwarfism evolved in a mammoth

Herridge, Victoria; Lister, Adrian M.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.0671

Cited by 41 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Metric characters, taken from Herridge and Lister (2012) are as follows: molar width (W), molar length (L), molar height (H), enamel thickness (ET), plate count (PC), and hypsodonty index (HI: crown height/width × 100). Metric characters that differ from Herridge and Lister (2012) are lamellar frequency (LF), corresponding to DLI Fig.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metric characters that differ from Herridge and Lister (2012) are lamellar frequency (LF), corresponding to DLI Fig. 2.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For AMPG 999 the average of the two molars is given. 1) Mean values from Herridge and Lister (2012); P. cypriotes from the type-locality Imbohary, Cyprus, n = 4; P. falconeri from Luparello and Spinagallo Caves, Sicily, n = 17; P. antiquus from various UK and German sites, ca 500-120 ka; n = 26. 2) Herridge, 2010.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P. creutzburgi (n = 2) from eastern Crete. P. tiliensis (n = 1) from Charkadio Cave, 3) Mean values from Herridge (2010), based on the same sample as in Herridge and Lister (2012); n = 14 for PC, n = 26 for LF, n = 21 for ET, and n = 11 for HI. 4) Data from Theodorou (1983) …”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are numerous recent studies on this subject (e.g. Van den Bergh, 1999;Palombo, 2007;Ferretti, 2008;Herridge, 2010;Herridge and Lister, 2012;Liscaljet, 2012), which re-examine old specimens, and in some cases describe recently collected ones, and put their analyses under the perspective provided by the latest developments in ecology, biogeography and palaeogeography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A dwarf elephant and a rock mouse on Naxos (Cyclades, Greece) with a revision of the palaeozoogeography of the Cycladic Islands (Greece) during the Pleistocene

Geer

Lyras

Ostende

et al. 2014

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oDuring the Late Pleistocene, Naxos and adjacent areas, including Delos and Paros, constituted a mega-island, here referred to as palaeo-Cyclades. The extensive low-lying plains with lakes and rivers provided a suitable habitat for elephants. Due to long-term isolation from the mainland and mainland populations, these elephants evolved miniature size. The species found on Naxos had a body size of about ten percent of that of the mainland ancestor, Palaeoloxodon antiquus. During the glacial periods of the Late Pleistocene, P. antiquus may have migrated eastwards and southwards in search of better conditions and reached the islands. The dwarf species of the various Southern Aegean islands (e.g. Crete, Tilos, Rhodos, palaeo-Cyclades) are each the result of independent colonisation events. The very small size of the Naxos species respective to the dwarf elephants from Crete is explained as due to the lack of competitors. The only other elements of the contemporaneous fauna were a rock mouse (Apodemus cf. mystacinus) and a shrew (Crocidura sp.). Submergence of the area, climate change, volcanism, hunting by humans or a combination of these factors during the terminal Pleistocene may have caused the extinction of this endemic fauna.

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Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metric characters that differ from Herridge and Lister (2012) are lamellar frequency (LF), corresponding to DLI Fig. 2.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A dwarf elephant and a rock mouse on Naxos (Cyclades, Greece) with a revision of the palaeozoogeography of the Cycladic Islands (Greece) during the Pleistocene

Geer

Lyras

Ostende

et al. 2014

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

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Cautionary tales on the use of proxies to estimate body size and form of extinct animals

Gayford,

Engelman,

Sternes

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Body size is of fundamental importance to our understanding of extinct organisms. Physiology, ecology and life history are all strongly influenced by body size and shape, which ultimately determine how a species interacts with its environment. Reconstruction of body size and form in extinct animals provides insight into the dynamics underlying community composition and faunal turnover in past ecosystems and broad macroevolutionary trends. Many extinct animals are known only from incomplete remains, necessitating the use of anatomical proxies to reconstruct body size and form. Numerous limitations affecting the appropriateness of these proxies are often overlooked, leading to controversy and downstream inaccuracies in studies for which reconstructions represent key input data. In this perspective, we discuss four prominent case studies (Dunkleosteus, Helicoprion, Megalodon and Perucetus) in which proxy taxa have been used to estimate body size and shape from fragmentary remains. We synthesise the results of these and other studies to discuss nuances affecting the validity of taxon selection when reconstructing extinct organisms, as well as mitigation measures that can ensure the selection of the most appropriate proxy. We argue that these precautionary measures are necessary to maximise the robustness of reconstructions in extinct taxa for better evolutionary and ecological inferences.

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Dental mesowear reflects local vegetation and niche separation in Pleistocene proboscideans from Britain

Saarinen

Lister

2016

J Quaternary Science

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Proboscideans, and elephants in particular, played a key role in Pleistocene mammal communities in Europe. The British Pleistocene fossil record provides a unique opportunity to study changes in proboscidean feeding ecology associated with environmental proxy data such as pollen records and the presence of competitors. Here we utilize a recently introduced dietary analysis method, mesowear angle analysis, for studying relationships between dietary variation in proboscideans, changes in available vegetation and the presence of sympatric proboscidean species. The method is based on recording the relief of worn molar surfaces as angle measurements, which reflect attrition‐ vs. abrasion‐dominated feeding and serve as a proxy for grazing vs. browsing diets. By comparison with pollen records, we show that blunt mesowear angles specifically reflect grass eating rather than open‐ground feeding in general. We further find that all British Pleistocene proboscidean species were relatively flexible feeders able to shift their dietary preference according to local vegetation composition. Nonetheless, when more than one proboscidean species occurred in the same environment, they always show significantly different mean mesowear signal, suggesting dietary niche separation.

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Extreme insular dwarfism evolved in a mammoth

Cited by 41 publications

References 30 publications

A dwarf elephant and a rock mouse on Naxos (Cyclades, Greece) with a revision of the palaeozoogeography of the Cycladic Islands (Greece) during the Pleistocene

A dwarf elephant and a rock mouse on Naxos (Cyclades, Greece) with a revision of the palaeozoogeography of the Cycladic Islands (Greece) during the Pleistocene

Cautionary tales on the use of proxies to estimate body size and form of extinct animals

Dental mesowear reflects local vegetation and niche separation in Pleistocene proboscideans from Britain

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