Fish-packaging technology is essential in maintaining the quality and shelf life of fish as a valuable and perishable food. This research was performed to evaluate the influence of polylactic acid-nanochitosan (PLA-NC) films containing Bunium persicum essential oil (BPEO) (0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9%) on microbial, chemical, and organoleptic characteristics of rainbow trout fillets during storage under refrigeration for 13 days. On the last day of the storage period, in the rainbow trout fillets wrapped with PLA-NC films containing BPEO, the microbial population declined by at least 1 log CFU/g in comparison with control samples. The initial value of the total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) of fillets was 10.28 mg/100 g and it reached 31.75 mg/100 g in the control group on day 4, while in rainbow trout fillets wrapped with PLA-NC films and complemented with BPEO, TVB-N contents were below 25 mg/100 g, until the 10th day of storage. Regarding the results of the current study, the peroxide value (PV) on day 0 was 1.7 meq/kg and reached 13.66 meq/kg in the control samples on the 13th day, while this parameter was lower than 10 meq/kg in samples wrapped with PLA-NC films complemented with BPEO on the final day of the study. The findings of this study illustrated that wrapping rainbow trout fillets in PLA-nanochitosan films complemented with BPEO prolonged the shelf life of rainbow trout fillets without any undesirable organoleptic attributes during storage under refrigeration for 10 days. The topography and surface composition of the prepared films was further confirmed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and field scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analyses.