Eye Morphogenesis in Vertebrates

Abstract

Proper eye structure is essential for visual function: Multiple essential eye tissues must take shape and assemble into a precise three-dimensional configuration. Accordingly, alterations to eye structure can lead to pathological conditions of visual impairment. Changes in eye shape can also be adaptive over evolutionary time. Eye structure is first established during development with the formation of the optic cup, which contains the neural retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and lens. This crucial yet deceptively simple hemispherical structure lays the foundation for all later elaborations of the eye. Building on descriptions of the embryonic eye that started with hand drawings and micrographs, the field is beginning to identify mechanisms driving dynamic changes in three-dimensional cell and tissue shape. A combination of molecular genetics, imaging, and pharmacological approaches is defining connections among transcription factors, signaling pathways, and the intracellular machinery governing the emergence of this crucial structure. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Vision Science, Volume 9 is September 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

In ovo exposure of F-ions and organo-fluoride insecticide (Bifenthrin) cause developmental anomalies of eye in chick embryos

“…Vertebrate eye is a complex organ that develops through intricate molecular and cellular processes utilizing both the differentiating skin and neuro-ectoderms [9] , [10] and thus can be used as an indicator of developmental neuro-ectodermal toxicity. Chick (Gallus domesticus) is an excellent model of experimental vertebrate embryonic developmental studies.…”