Eye temperature and heart rate variability of calves disbudded with or without local anaesthetic

Stewart, Mairi; Stafford, Kevin J.; Dowling, Suzanne; Schaefer, A. L.; Webster, James R.

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.11.044

Cited by 248 publications

(286 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The LF component jointly represents both parasympathetic and sympathetic tonus (Borell von et al, 2007) whereas the HF component reflects the parasympathetic control (Després et al, 2002;Kézér et al, 2014). The ratio of LF and HF components (LF/HF) mirrors sympathovagal balance and is also considered to reflect sympathetic modulation (Yang et al, 2000;Stuart et al, 2008). In our study, by analysing the behaviour of frequency domain HRV parameters we were able to separate cows showing Erdmann, Mohr, Derno, Tuchscherer, Schäff, Börner, Kautzsch, Kuhla, Hammon and Röntgen different autonomic regulation in response to fasting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Stress-induced hyperthermia means a rise in BT that occurs prior to and during exposure to stress and is different from fever (Vinkers et al, 2010). An ACTHindependent increase in eye temperature has been observed in calves disbudded without local anaesthetic (Stuart et al, 2008). Stress-induced hyperthermia is known to be mediated by the dorsomedial hypothalamus and sympathetic premotor neurons in the rostral medullar raphe region that induce thermogenesis and peripheral vasoconstriction (Kataoka et al, 2014) which is in accord with activation of the sympathetic branch of the ANS in pregnant, fasting <L MAX cows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, they reacted to the food removal with a reduction of vagal tone and a shift of their sympatho-vagal balance towards a much stronger dominance of the sympathetic branch of the ANS. In various studies (Mohr et al, 2002;Hagen et al, 2005;Gygax et al, 2008;Stuart et al, 2008;Kézér et al, 2014), a decreased parasympathetic activity has been shown to be associated with stress, reduced well-being, and regulatory capacity. Our data indicate that cows retrospectively assigned to the HF− group experience a higher stress level when food was removed and had a restricted regulatory capacity compared with HF+ cows.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indices of heart rate variability as potential early markers of metabolic stress and compromised regulatory capacity in dried-off high-yielding dairy cows

Erdmann

Möhr

Derno

et al. 2018

Animal

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High performing dairy cows experience distinct metabolic stress during periods of negative energy balance. Subclinical disorders of the cow's energy metabolism facilitate failure of adaptational responses resulting in health problems and reduced performance. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) with its sympathetic and parasympathetic branches plays a predominant role in adaption to inadequate energy and/or fuel availability and mediation of the stress response. Therefore, we hypothesize that indices of heart rate variability (HRV) that reflect ANS activity and sympatho-vagal balance could be early markers of metabolic stress, and possibly useful to predict cows with compromised regulatory capacity. In this study we analysed the autonomic regulation and stress level of 10 pregnant dried-off German Holstein cows before, during and after a 10-h fasting period by using a wide range of HRV parameters. In addition heat production (HP), energy balance, feed intake, rumen fermentative activity, physical activity, non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyric acid, cortisol and total ghrelin plasma concentrations, and body temperature (BT) were measured. In all cows fasting induced immediate regulatory adjustments including increased lipolysis (84%) and total ghrelin levels (179%), reduction of HP (−16%), standing time (−38%) and heart rate (−15%). However, by analysing frequency domain parameters of HRV (high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) components, ratio LF/HF) cows could be retrospectively assigned to groups reacting to food removal with increased or decreased activity of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS. Regression analysis reveals that under control conditions (feeding ad libitum) group differences were best predicted by the nonlinear domain HRV component Maxline (L MAX , R 2 = 0.76, threshold; TS = 258). Compared with cows having L MAX values above TS (> L MAX : 348 ±17), those with L MAX values below TS ( L MAX cows (18.5 ± 0.4 and 47.3 kg/day). From the present study, it seems conceivable that L MAX can be used as a predictive marker to discover alterations in central autonomic regulation that might precede metabolic disturbances.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indices of heart rate variability as potential early markers of metabolic stress and compromised regulatory capacity in dried-off high-yielding dairy cows

Erdmann

Möhr

Derno

et al. 2018

Animal

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“…Disbudding is also a routine procedure carried out on young dairy calves to prevent horn growth, typically between the ages of 2 to 6 weeks; there is a large body of evidence showing that this procedure is painful (Stafford and Mellor, 2005) and pain relief is recommended for this procedure in many countries. Administration of a local anaesthetic before disbudding markedly reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the behavioural and physiological responses of calves indicative of pain (Stafford and Mellor, 2005;Stewart et al, 2008). Cortisol concentration, HR, respiration rate (RR) and changes in behaviours indicative of pain, which have been shown previously to increase in response to disbudding (Stafford and Mellor, 2005;Heinrich et al, 2009;Stewart et al, 2009), were measured in the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Behaviour Three video cameras (DCR-TRV355E, Sony, Tokyo, Japan), one at the rear, one directly above and the other at the front of the calf, were used to record activity during testing. All occurrences of the behaviours described in Table 1 were recorded continuously over the sampling period for each animal during both procedures (ear-tagging and disbudding) by video analysis, as described in Stewart et al (2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of previous handling experiences on responses of dairy calves to routine husbandry procedures

Stewart

Shepherd

Webster

et al. 2013

Animal

Self Cite

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The nature of human-animal interactions is an important factor contributing to animal welfare and productivity. Reducing stress during routine husbandry procedures is likely to improve animal welfare. We examined how the type of early handling of calves affected responses to two common husbandry procedures, ear-tagging and disbudding. Forty Holstein-Friesian calves (n 5 20/treatment) were exposed to one of two handling treatments daily from 1 to 5 weeks of age: (1) positive (n 5 20), involving gentle handling (soft voices, slow movements, patting), and (2) negative (n 5 20), involving rough handling (rough voices, rapid movements, pushing). Heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR) and behaviour (activity, tail flicking) were measured before and after ear-tagging and disbudding (2 days apart). Cortisol was measured at 220 (baseline), 20 and 40 min relative to disbudding time. There were no significant treatment differences in HR, RR or behaviour in response to either procedure. However, the following changes occurred across both treatment groups. HR increased after disbudding (by 14.7 6 4.0 and 18.6 6 3.8 bpm, positive and negative, respectively; mean 6 s.e.m.) and ear-tagging (by 8.7 6 3.1 and 10.3 6 3.0 bpm, positive and negative, respectively). After disbudding, there was an increase in RR (by 8.2 6 3.4 and 9.3 6 3.4 breaths/min, positive and negative, respectively), overall activity (by 9.4 6 1.2 and 9.9 6 1.3 frequency/min, positive and negative, respectively) and tail flicking (by 13.2 6 2.8 and 11.2 6 3.0 frequency/min, positive and negative, respectively), and cortisol increased from baseline at 20 min post procedure (by 10.3 6 1.1 and 12.3 6 1.1 nmol/l positive and negative, respectively). Although we recorded significant changes in calf responses during ear-tagging and disbudding, the type of prior handling had no effect on responses. The effects of handling may have been overridden by the degree of pain and/or stress associated with the procedures. Further research is warranted to understand the welfare impact and interaction between previous handling and responses to husbandry procedures.

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Recognition and Quantification of Acute and Chronic Pain

Murrell

2024

Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia

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Eye temperature and heart rate variability of calves disbudded with or without local anaesthetic

Cited by 248 publications

References 28 publications

Indices of heart rate variability as potential early markers of metabolic stress and compromised regulatory capacity in dried-off high-yielding dairy cows

Indices of heart rate variability as potential early markers of metabolic stress and compromised regulatory capacity in dried-off high-yielding dairy cows

Effect of previous handling experiences on responses of dairy calves to routine husbandry procedures

Recognition and Quantification of Acute and Chronic Pain

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