Eyestrain impacts on learning job interview with a serious game in virtual reality

Abstract

A randomized double-blinded study † Figure 1: (a) Subject wearing the HMD for condition A and B, (b) Subject in-front of computer screen with mouse for condition C, (c) Performing the Flipper lens test (ease of accommodation), (d) Performing the TNO test (stereo acuity)

A narrative review of immersive virtual reality’s ergonomics and risks at the workplace: cybersickness, visual fatigue, muscular fatigue, acute stress, and mental overload

“…Based on the latest reviews and systematic reviews (Koohestani et al 2019;Descheneaux et al 2020;Kemeny et al 2020;Saredakis et al 2020;Stanney et al 2020b), we can infer that contributions regarding cybersickness concentrate on the visual-vestibular-proprioceptive conflicts (like motion sickness) issue. Contributions rarely focus on visual fatigue, i.e., vergence-accommodation conflict (Fuchs 2017;Souchet 2020;Chang et al 2020;Souchet et al 2021a). But Rebenitsch and Owen (2017) reported no effect of vergenceaccommodation conflict on cybersickness.…”

“…This sensorimotor conflict mainly explains visual fatigue with HMDs (Fuchs 2017). A new generation of HMDs still causes visual fatigue (Souchet et al 2018(Souchet et al , 2019(Souchet et al , 2021aHirota et al 2019;Wang et al 2019;Yoon et al 2020) and visual discomfort (Cho et al 2017;Guo et al 2017Guo et al , 2019bSouchet et al 2018;Bracq et al 2019). A lack of contributions to document that effect (beyond merely knowing that it still exists for HMDs) has been pointed out (Szpak et al 2019).…”

“…Therefore, adding HMDs would increase screen use at the workplace. HMD use seems to drive higher visual fatigue than PC screen, tablet, or smartphone uses (Han et al 2017;Yu et al 2018;Souchet et al 2018;Zhang et al 2020). Here, we focus on visual fatigue while using VR and right after.…”

“…Visual fatigue is already an issue in everyday work with various screen uses as at least 50% of the population is at risk (Sheppard and Wolffsohn 2018). Adding HMDs could increase screen use at work, and it seems that HMDs drive toward higher visual fatigue than PC, tablet, or smartphone uses (Han et al 2017;Yu et al 2018;Souchet et al 2018;Zhang et al 2020). The vergence-accommodation issue arises when displaying stereoscopy.…”

“…Virtual environment creators and head-mounted display (HMD) manufacturers do not seem to consider human factors/ergonomics enough in their design processes (Dehghani et al 2021;Saghafian et al 2021;Szopa and Soares 2021). However, virtual reality-induced symptoms and effects (VRISE) have been documented for more than thirty years (Kennedy et al 1993;Keller and Colucci 1998;Cobb et al 1999;Nichols 1999;Nichols and Patel 2002;Sharples et al 2008;Melzer et al 2009;Fuchs 2017Fuchs , 2018Souchet 2020;Grassini and Laumann 2021).…”