Eyewitness recall and identification abilities of adolescent and young-adults

Sheahan, Chelsea L.; Pica, Emily; Pozzulo, Joanna; Nastasa, Claudia

doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2017.09.008

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…As previously mentioned, the clothing of the target did change from the occupation video to the crime video; therefore, we would not expect to see an increase in familiar eyewitnesses' ability to recall clothing descriptors. This is important to note as clothing has been reliably found to be one of the most commonly reported descriptors (Pozzulo & Warren, 2003;Sheahan, Pica, Pozzulo, & Nastasa, 2017). The lack of difference in number and correct descriptors in the current study could be due to the large amount of clothing descriptors reported.…”

Section: Recall Of Familiar-strangersmentioning

confidence: 62%

Stereotypes and the Familiar-Stranger: The Role of Previous Contact and Gender Stereotypes on Eyewitness Recall and Recognition Accuracy

Thompson¹

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of prior familiarity with a perpetrator and gender stereotypes on eyewitness recall and identification accuracy. Participants (N = 257) watched a crime video where the perpetrator was either someone they had never met before (unfamiliar/stranger condition), or was someone with whom they had a 1 minute exposure to prior to the crime (familiar condition). In the familiar conditions the 1 minute exposure included the target talking about their occupation; this occupation was either consistent or inconsistent with gender role stereotypes. There were no significant differences in recall accuracy or identification accuracy between the familiar or stereotypes conditions. However, when participants were asked to rate the degree to which they viewed the target as stereotype consistent versus inconsistent, higher stereotype consistency ratings were associated with reporting more total descriptors and higher proportions of correct descriptors (although this relationship was only marginally significant). On the other hand, lower stereotype consistency ratings predicted more correct identification decisions. It was hypothesized that cognitive load would influence familiar eyewitnesses memory such that eyewitnesses introduced to an inconsistent target would have better recall and identification accuracy. These hypotheses were based on previous research suggesting that memory is enhanced for stereotype inconsistent information when under low cognitive load. These hypotheses were not supported by the results as there were no group differences in ratings on the cognitive load measures. Overall, the results from the current study suggest that a 1 minute exposure to the target prior to the crime may not be enough exposure to elicit a feeling of familiarity and enhance eyewitness memory. These results also suggest that subjective gender role stereotypes influence memory for a previously met person. Conclusions and future directions are discussed.

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Section: Recall Of Familiar-strangersmentioning

confidence: 62%

Stereotypes and the Familiar-Stranger: The Role of Previous Contact and Gender Stereotypes on Eyewitness Recall and Recognition Accuracy

Thompson¹

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“…Utilizing two confidence ratings can allow for greater predictive accuracy when analyzing identification rates. The elimination-plus procedure was found to significantly predict identification accuracy in target-present lineups for young adults (Pica & Pozzulo, 2017). There were non-significant findings for target-absent lineups.…”

Section: Lineup Presentation and Accuracymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Elimination-plus lineup. The elimination-plus lineup (Pica & Pozzulo, 2017) adds a slight modification to the original elimination lineup. This procedure was created to examine what effect, if any, this lineup would have on survival status.…”

Section: Lineup Presentation and Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following this, the eyewitness is required to identify whether the photo they have chosen is, in fact, the perpetrator (i.e., judgment 2) and once again, they are required to rate their confidence in the accuracy of that decision. Two studies have examined the effectiveness of the elimination-plus procedure (i.e., Pica & Pozzulo, 2017;Sheahan, Pica, Pozzulo, & Nastasa, 2017).…”

Section: Lineup Presentation and Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, Sheahan, Pica, Pozzulo, and Nastasa (2017) examined the elimination-plus lineup procedure along with four other types of lineups (i.e., simultaneous, elimination, wildcard, and elimination with wildcard) to ascertain the effectiveness of different variations of the elimination lineup in comparison to more traditional procedures across adolescents and adults. Results indicated that the guilty suspect survived the first judgment of the elimination-plus procedure at a significantly higher rate than any other lineup member.…”

Section: Lineup Presentation and Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining Lineup Identification as a Function of Foil Similarity and Lineup Procedure

Pratt¹

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The current study examined the effect of lineup procedure and foil similarity on identification accuracy. This study presented adults (N = 287) with either a modified lineup procedure, referred to as the elimination-plus procedure, or the simultaneous procedure. The level of similarity between the foil photographs and the target photo was manipulated (i.e., high similarity or low similarity) in addition to whether the target was present or absent in the lineup. Results from the current study indicate higher rates of correct identification for the simultaneous rather than the elimination-plus procedure and comparable rates of correct rejection across the two lineups. Additionally, similar to previous research, identification accuracy was highest in low similarity conditions compared to high similarity conditions. No interactions were found. The elimination-plus procedure is beneficial as it provides an additional confidence rating, taken after judgment 1. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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Testing the efficacy of the cognitive interview to road traffic accident investigations

Maulina,

Irwanda,

Guritnaningsih

et al. 2024

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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In the current set of experiments, we examined the effectiveness of the Cognitive Interview (CI) on memory for traffic accidents. Three online experiments were conducted among Indonesian young motorcyclists who had an accident experience. Participants were interviewed about their most memorable accident experience, either with a CI or a Standard Interview (SI) method (Experiment 1). We added the time delay as the second independent variable (less than a month versus between 6 and 10 months) in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, the interview methods were compared across two age groups (adolescents versus young adults). In all experiments, the CI led to more event‐related and peripheral recall than the SI. Furthermore, this effect persisted even when the event happened a long time ago and was replicated in both age groups. Our results show empirical evidence for the effectiveness of the CI in a traffic accident context, especially in a non‐WEIRD country.

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Eyewitness recall and identification abilities of adolescent and young-adults

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

Stereotypes and the Familiar-Stranger: The Role of Previous Contact and Gender Stereotypes on Eyewitness Recall and Recognition Accuracy

Stereotypes and the Familiar-Stranger: The Role of Previous Contact and Gender Stereotypes on Eyewitness Recall and Recognition Accuracy

Examining Lineup Identification as a Function of Foil Similarity and Lineup Procedure

Testing the efficacy of the cognitive interview to road traffic accident investigations

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