F40.1 Social phobia.

Abstract

ocial phobia is a significant fear of social interactions, whether individually or in groups. Situations that may induce fear include social conversations, meeting unfamiliar people, being observed while doing something such as eating or drinking in front of others, or engaging in formal performances such as giving a speech or playing an instrument. Approximately 11% of the population will suffer from social phobia at some time in their lives (Kessler, Petukhova, Sampson, Zaslavsky, & Wittchen, 2012). People with social phobia fear that they will do or say something that will be evaluated negatively by others. The extent and severity of fear in people with social phobia vary, but the symptoms significantly impair their social, occupational, and academic functioning. People with social phobia go to great lengths to hide their fears and try to hide the accompanying characteristic physiological symptoms such as a racing heart, sweating, and blushing. Blushing is particularly problematic because it is an anxious response that is clearly visible to others, resulting in an individual's feeling uncomfortable not just because of the social interaction but also because of worry that others will negatively evaluate this visible manifestation of anxiety. Thus, this creates a vicious cycle of distress-social anxiety, the belief that others will perceive one's distress, more anxiety-and this leads to a pattern of social avoidance and functional impairment.

Solid Organ Bioprinting: Strategies to Achieve Organ Function

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